【正文】 participate： join表示“加入黨派、組織、社團、俱樂部”等，如join the Party / Youth League / army / club /organization。 owing to與because of一樣，也強調(diào)因果關(guān)系，作表語或狀語。此時，從句中的謂語動詞必須是及物動詞，并且與句子的主語為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。 wherever，whenever，however常引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，可以換成no matter where / when / how，可以防在主句前或后。6. right away 立刻，馬上表示“立刻，馬上”的結(jié)構(gòu)：without delay / right now / immediately / at once / in no time / right off辨析right away / right now：right away“立刻，馬上”，相當于at once，in no time。名詞短語作連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的有：the momentthe minute = as soon as 一…就…the instantevery time 每次 / 回…就…each time 每當…時next time 下次…時any time （在）任何時間有時副詞也可充當連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，它們是：instantly，immediately，directly等，相當于as soon as。 injure一般指由于意外或事故造成的損傷，其賓語常為健康、成就、容貌等，強調(diào)功能的損失。 不定式作定語時，當在句子中能找到不定式的邏輯主語且不定式與其所修飾的名詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系時，這時不定式可用主動形式表示被動含義。eg: Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are being rare. It is possible to bine Computer Science with other subjects, for example, Physics. We discussed everything — when to go, what to see and so on.10. play a role / part in 在…中擔(dān)任角色；在…中起作用play an important role / part in 在…方面起重要作用play the role of sb = play / act the part of sb （在劇中）扮演某人的角色play the leading role 起主要（帶頭）作用eg: Clowns play an important role in a circus. She plays an active part in local politics. The media play a major role in influencing people’s opinions.11. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before. more than + 數(shù)詞，表示“超過，多于”。 (from)…/ ban…。4. settle vi. 安家；定居；停留 vt. 使定居；安排；解決settle down 舒適地坐下（或躺下）；定居；安靜 / 平靜下來settle in / into 習(xí)慣于；適應(yīng)settle on 選定，決定settle up 付清賬單 settled adj. 穩(wěn)定的；舒適自在的settlement n. 協(xié)議，定居點eg: The pany has agreed to settle out of court. It’s all settled — we’re leaving on the nine o’clock plane. I settled her on the sofa and put a blanket over her.5. suffer vt. 遭受，蒙受；后跟pain / defeat / loss / poverty / hunger / punishment / hardship以及表示疾病的詞。 participate為正式用語，和介詞in連用，表示積極地參與。 thanks to只能用作狀語，可以表達正面意思，“幸虧”，也可用于諷刺口吻中（近于諷刺口吻中的“感謝”）。eg: Try to persuade him to e. I allowed myself to be persuaded into entering the petition. I am still not fully persuaded of the plan’s advantage.注：You can advise him but you may not persuade him.3. determine vt.amp。 ruin亦指徹底毀掉，但不含有某種摧毀性的力量進行破壞，而含有在一定的過程中逐漸毀掉的意思。eg: I went out and left the door unlocked.She left me waiting in the rain for an hour.The bomb blast left 25 people dead.Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern herodevote, vote, equal, escape, reward, out of work, turn to, set up, the first time1. devote vt. 獻身，專心于devote oneself to 獻身，致力，專心devote…to… 把…用于…devoted adj. 忠實的，深愛的devotion n. 關(guān)愛，關(guān)照；奉獻，忠誠be devoted to 深愛，致力于eg: She devoted herself to her career.They are devoted to their children.Her devotion to the job left her with very little free time.2. vote vt.amp。3. equal v. 等于；抵得上 adj. 相等的；勝任的 n. 同等的人；相等物A equals B in… A 在…方面比得上Bbe equal to + n. / doing sth 等于；與…相等；有…的能力（勇氣、力量等）勝任，能干be without equal / have no equal 無與倫比；無敵equality n. 平等equally adv. 相等地；同等地；均等，同樣eg: With his last jump he equalled the world record.There is an equal number of boys and girls in the class.He is a player without equal.注：注意以下介詞的搭配：be equal to sth 勝任某事be similar to 同…相似 to sb 為某人所熟知be familiar with sth 熟悉某物be indifferent to sth 對某事不關(guān)心；不在乎be kind to sb 對某人和藹be polite to sb 對某人有禮貌be friendly to / with 對…友好4. escape v.amp。 break是“破壞、打破、打碎”的意思。但前者強調(diào)動作，后者強調(diào)狀態(tài)。I came up with a proposal and it soon came up at the meeting.9. such as 例如…；像這種的辨析such as / for example / that is / and so on： such as…用來列舉事物。4. request n.amp。2. ignore vt. 不理睬；不顧；忽視ignore sb / sth 不理睬某人 / 某事ignorance n. 無知；愚昧；不知道be in ignorance of / about sth 不知道某事ignorant adj. 無知的；愚昧的；不知道的be ignorant that… 不知道某事be ignorant of / about sth 不知道某事eg: He ignored all the “No Smoking” signs and lit up a cigarette. We can’t afford to ignore their advice. He’s pletely ignorant about modern technology.3. concern n.[U]關(guān)心，擔(dān)憂 [C]關(guān)心的人或事 vt. 涉及；參與；使擔(dān)心，使操心It is no concern of mine / yours.concerned adj. 關(guān)心的，關(guān)切的，擔(dān)憂的；焦慮的（位于名詞之前）；相關(guān)的（位于名詞之后）as / so far as…be concerned 就…而言；依…之見be concerned about / for sth 擔(dān)心…；關(guān)心…be concerned in / with 與…有關(guān)be concerned over / at sth 為某事憂慮concern oneself about / for 擔(dān)憂；關(guān)心concerning prep. 關(guān)于；有關(guān)eg: There is growing concern about violence on television. The President is deeply concerned about this issue. He asked several questions concerning the future of the pany. This chapter concerns itself with the historical background.注：concerned用作形容詞時意為“擔(dān)憂的；關(guān)心的”；用作后置定語時意為“相關(guān)的；有關(guān)的”。 (from)… / prevent…。 that is是后面列舉的事物的總量等于它前面所提到的總和，相當于namely，意思是“即，也就是說”。4. view n. 風(fēng)景；視野；觀點；見解