【正文】 higher performance with participatively set goals. b. shows consistently lower performance with participatively set goals. c. has not shown any strong or consistent relationships. d. has been biased by the researchers.16. Which of the following is not an ingredient in MBO programs? a. goal specificity b. participative decision making c. performance feedback d. general time period17. According to the philosophy of MBO, a. Feedback occurs at the annual performance review b. Goals follow a topdown approach c. Goals typically are broad, general statements of intent d. Constant feedback is provided18. MBO assists in answering What39。s thinking in one general direction. b. hierarchy of authority relationships in an organization. c. series of interrelated sequential steps for problem solving. d. collection of explicit statements about what a manager can or cannot do.28. A rule is BEST described by which of the following? a. A general guideline designed to direct a manager39。s performance. c. paring actual results with plans. d. establishing an organization39。s petencies with its environmental forces b. Sometimes involves industrial espionage tactics c. Occurs during the mission statement formulation d. Is most useful for helping an organization sustain its petitive28. The type of organizational strategy that emphasized increasing market share or the level of an organization39。s Company is in the process of buying a smaller petitor and incorporating that pany39。s Tire Shop is concerned only with using the least amount of labor possible as it repairs/replaces the tires of its customers. Its primary goal is a. effectiveness. b. goal attainment. c. efficiency. d. management characteristics.23. All of the following are included in the four ponents of the management process except a. planning. b. organizing. c. leading. d. delegating.24. Mintzberg grouped the ten managerial roles into three primary headings. Which of the following is not one of these headings? a. interpersonal relationships b. transfer of information c. planning d. decision making25. As managers move up the organization, they do lessa. leadingb. controllingc. planningd. organizing26. Which of the following roles is most important for managers in small firms? a. disseminator b. leader c. spokesperson d. figurehead27. Katz developed four critical skills that managers must possess. Which of the following is not one of those four skills? a. conceptual b. interpersonal c. technical d. connection28. Angelo is well known for his skills in using the advanced programming software of the engineering field. In fact, it was his specialized knowledge that led to his promotion as manager. Which managerial skill is Angelo demonstrating? a. conceptual b. interpersonal c. technical d. political29. Nancy’s strength as a manager lies in her ability to work with people. She is able to work with, motivate, and lead others easily. Nancy is demonstrating which managerial skill? a. conceptual b. interpersonal c. technical d. political30. Which of the following is not true about operatives? a. They have no responsibility for overseeing the work of others. b. They work directly on a job or task. c. They have no more than four employees who report directly to them. d. A person on an assembly line could be described as an operative.31. The managerial concept that focuses on task pletion is a. efficiency. b. of little concern for firstline managers. c. mostly the job of top managers. d. effectiveness.32. Which one of the following best demonstrates the concept of efficient management? a. Getting activities pleted. b. Maximizing output. c. Maintaining output with fewer resources. d. Increasing output and input.33. When a manager fails to plete the department39。s Luscious Lips produces a cherry flavored lipstick and is targeting the teen girl who is between 12 and 14 years old. The strategy pursued is a. cost leadership. b differentiation. c. focus. d. segmentation.35. The premise behind _____ is to design in quality as the product is being made. a. six sigma b. TQM c. reengineering d. benchmarking36. A large discount store, like WalMart, whose primary goal is to have the lowest prices in the industry, is using which of the following strategies to maintain a petitive advantage? a. costleadership strategy b. differentiation strategy c. focus strategy d. retrenchment strategy37. According to Michael Porter, the goal of the focus strategy is to a. exploit a narrow segment of the market. b. seek petitive advantages in large market segments. c. use technological innovation to target customers more accurately. d. bring suppliers and distributors together and bine efforts.38. Who determines employee goals in MBO? a. employees b. managers c. managers and employees d. managers and the CEO39. The basic idea in _____ is that management can improve quality by analyzing and copying the methods of the leaders in the field. a. reengineering b. benchmarking c. TQM d. six sigma40. Which of the following is not a petitive strategy that a business may use in order to gain a distinct advantage, according to Michael Porter a. retrenchment b. costleadership c. focus d. differentiationChapter Four: Foundations of Decision MakingMultiple Choice Questions1. __________ is not one of the eight steps in the decision making process. a. Identifying the problem b. Analyzing alternative solutions c. Implementing the decision d. Delegating the decision making 2. Which of the following sequences is correct for the decisionmaking Process? a. Identify decision criteria, analyze alternatives, allocate weights to criteria b. Analyze alternatives, select an alternative, implement the alternative c. Select an alternative, evaluate decision