【正文】 rent, build 等。 例如： After the fire, very little remained of my house. 大火過(guò)后，我家燒得所剩無(wú)幾。 四 、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，由 “情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋ be＋過(guò)去分詞 ”構(gòu)成，原來(lái)帶 to 的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 后 “to”仍要保留。例如 :The glass is 。s going to be cold tomorrow. 報(bào)紙上說(shuō)明天會(huì)很冷的。ll be ing soon. I39。s getting warmer and warmer. d. 與 always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說(shuō)話(huà)人的主觀色彩。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. b. 狀語(yǔ)從句 在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 ) I have worked here for many years. (現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。s already been sent for. 句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。 I39。 What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。 比較： 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過(guò)去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。 Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必?cái)　? When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm wele. 3）句型： It is time for sb. to do sth到 …… 時(shí)間了 該 …… 了 It is time sb. did sth. 時(shí)間已遲了 早該 …… 了 It is time for you to go to 。t B. couldn39。m going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主觀安排 ) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái) 1）下列動(dòng)詞： e, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。） Why did you get up so early? （強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過(guò)了。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +thatclause 的句型中，從句要用完成時(shí)。clock. 他到 10 點(diǎn)才回來(lái)。 Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. 將來(lái)完成時(shí) 1) 構(gòu)成 will / be going to do sth. 2) 概念 a. 狀態(tài)完成：表示某事繼續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)為止一直有的狀態(tài)。同時(shí)， when 表時(shí)間的同時(shí)性， 瑪麗在做衣服時(shí) 提供事情發(fā)生的背景，因此用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。本題有 He said，故為過(guò)去式。人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過(guò) be 的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。 三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法 1 不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。 The strange was let go. 2）當(dāng) let 后賓補(bǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)， let 通常不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而用 allow 或 permit 代替。例如： It sounds good. 聽(tīng)上去不錯(cuò)。例如： He is graduated from a famous university. 他畢業(yè)于一所有名的大學(xué)。例如： He married a rich girl. 他與一個(gè)富妞結(jié)婚了。例如： She dreamed a bad dream last night. 她昨晚做了個(gè)惡夢(mèng)。 I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital. 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)整體，不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。 (不知道電腦是誰(shuí)偷的 ) 2) This book was published in 1981. 這本書(shū)出版于 1981 年。 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： am／ is／ are＋ taught 一般過(guò)去時(shí)： was／ were＋ taught 一般將來(lái)時(shí)： will／ shall be＋ taught 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： am／ is／ are being＋ taught 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)： have／ has been＋ taught 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： have／ has been＋ taught 記憶歌訣：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) be 字變，過(guò)去分詞跟后面。 (2) 表示現(xiàn)在已安排好的未來(lái)事項(xiàng)，行程等活動(dòng)。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時(shí)，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行；一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生。 They will have been married for 20 years by then. You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法： a. 表示現(xiàn)在 ( 指說(shuō)話(huà)人說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí) ) 正在發(fā)生的事情。clock. 他一直睡到 10 點(diǎn)。即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。t handed in his paper?（強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子，可能為不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 2）倒裝句，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，如： Here es the bus. = The bus is ing. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 3）在時(shí)間或條件句中。t D. can39。 would (had) rather sb. did 39。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： every…, sometimes,at…, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。d rather you came tomorrow. 4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過(guò)去時(shí)，作試探性的詢(xún)問(wèn)、請(qǐng)求、建議等。 Which paragraph shall I read first. Will you be at home at seven this evening? 2)be going to +不定式，表示將來(lái)。 I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái) 意為： 意圖 、 打算 、 安排 、常用于人。 He has been in the League for three years. (在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù) ) He has been a League member for three years. (是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù) ) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入團(tuán)， joined 為短暫行為。 I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born.. My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976. I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl. My brother has been in the Youth League for two years. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time. 注意：并非有 for 作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。m sorry to keep you waiting. Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few . have beenB. had beenC. wasD. will be 答案 A. 5 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 1） 概念：表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去 |||其構(gòu)成是 had +過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。 ) 6 She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. c. 表示漸變的動(dòng)詞有： get, grow, bee, turn, run, go, b