【正文】 實(shí)現(xiàn)“內(nèi)圣外王”之道的必由之路。門(mén)人李鴻章譽(yù)之為“立德立功立言三不朽，為師為將為相一完人” [1]，中國(guó)近代史上的兩位重要人物毛澤東和蔣中正亦曾高度評(píng)價(jià)過(guò)曾國(guó)藩。Confucianism。 [4]32 早在先秦時(shí)期，莊子即在其《莊子 綜上所述，我們可以知道，“內(nèi)圣外王”就是儒家所追求的理想人格，“立德立功立言三不朽”是“內(nèi)圣外王”的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而格物 、致知、誠(chéng)意、正心、修身、齊家、治國(guó)、平天下八個(gè)條目則是實(shí)現(xiàn)內(nèi)圣外王理想人格的途徑。那么如何才能尋找到天理呢？程朱理學(xué)主張格物致知。曾國(guó)藩繼承了前代儒者的性命觀(guān)，也將性與命并列相提。關(guān)于性與命，曾國(guó)藩在他同治元年十月初十日的日記中說(shuō)得非常透徹。曾國(guó)藩將天道與人道互相對(duì)應(yīng)，以天道來(lái)規(guī)范人道，以求達(dá)到天人合一的境界。氣質(zhì)有善有惡，不善的氣可以通過(guò)后天的教化而改變，只要肯下勤勉功夫以理養(yǎng)氣就可以擯棄不善之氣，達(dá)到圣人的境界。 那么如何確定個(gè)人的私欲是否符合禮儀的規(guī)范呢？曾國(guó)藩繼承了朱熹的格物窮理的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。 三、曾國(guó)藩的修身實(shí)踐 在曾國(guó)藩看來(lái)，儒家的倫理道德體系主要是為指導(dǎo)實(shí)踐服務(wù)的，所以儒學(xué)理論的外化在曾國(guó)藩那里主要表現(xiàn)為兩個(gè)方面：一是修身律己，即以慎獨(dú)、主敬、格物、誠(chéng)意等條目來(lái)檢查自己日常行為中的動(dòng)機(jī)，以規(guī)范自己的言行；二是讀書(shū)時(shí)要盡全力抓住書(shū)中的道理，并且以自己的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)去驗(yàn)證書(shū)中的道理。讀書(shū)可以變化氣質(zhì)，變換骨相，是實(shí)現(xiàn)志向的不二法 門(mén)；內(nèi)圣外王即是他人生道德修養(yǎng)所追求的境界。 [9]416 在這句話(huà)中，曾國(guó)藩 一再?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)靜的重要性，一個(gè)人的精神如果能夠沉靜下去，那么他的心就不會(huì)動(dòng)亂，就能夠明白事理，做事沉穩(wěn)，甚至?xí)幸嬗谧约旱纳眢w的保養(yǎng)。” [10]340 慎獨(dú)，簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)就是一個(gè)人在獨(dú)處的時(shí)候，即便沒(méi)有別人的監(jiān) 督和督促，也不會(huì)放松自我修養(yǎng)的工夫。s digitized society, will also be attached on the report.Myopia is not only a disease that makes people see things blurrily, but also leads to severeplications, such as glaua (increased pressure within the eyeball), and can causeblindness, said Zhou Yuehua, an established eye care specialist with Beijing TongrenHospital.It is very important for parents and children to know about the risk and care for their eyes.There are about 450 million myopia patients in China. Among Chinese myopia patients,30million are severe patients, according to ZhouThe prevalence of myopia among high school and college students is more than 70 percent,and the situation is continuously worsening, he Zhu, director with the China Youth Development Service Center, said long hours ofstudy, lack of exercise, especially outdoor activities, and attachment to electronic screen aresome of the top reasons behind the widespread myopia problems, and the increase ofyounger patients, although China has made great progress in improving the hardwarefacilities and lighting conditions in said he hopes the survey will alert people on the threatening situation, and also helpmedical experts to better guideline parents and children39。s most popular dishes are his brainchild. Lin says his secret of success is innovation rooted in experience: He spends months every year traveling and eating worldwide, seeking new ingredients and inspirations that could improve the offerings of Blue Frog restaurants. The restaurant chain regularly launches a new seasonal menu, usually featuring eight new dishes with fresh ingredients. The bestselling seasonal dishes later replace the least popular items on the regular menu, which is usually updated in late fall and boasts a selection of about 40 dishes. Food should have no boundaries, Lin says. As long as the food tastes good and is healthy, it doesn39。s Guangzhou city anized the Chengdu festival. A terrifying wooden bridge in China has just been replaced by a glass one. This, the world’s longest glassbottomed walkway, is located in Shiniuzhai Geopark in Hunan, and spans 300m (984f) and is 180m (590f) above ground. The floor is made of doublelayered glass that is 24mm (), and is reportedly 25 times stronger than regular window glass. The bridge had previously been made of wood, linking the two peaks of Stone Buddha Mountain, but 11 engineers working 12 hours a day converted it to glass. Previously, you were considered brave if you steeled yourself to cross the wooden walkway。與此同時(shí)，曾國(guó)藩修身最大的成就也正是他對(duì)儒家傳統(tǒng)修身理論的虔誠(chéng)信仰以及對(duì)天命發(fā)自?xún)?nèi)心的敬畏而養(yǎng)成的堅(jiān)忍性格，可以說(shuō)正是這種堅(jiān)忍性格讓曾國(guó)藩能夠在變幻莫測(cè)的晚清官場(chǎng)步步為營(yíng)，最終攀上權(quán)力頂峰，實(shí)現(xiàn)治國(guó)平天下的大業(yè)，最后成功實(shí)踐儒家內(nèi)圣外王的理想人格。自乙未年起，今三十本矣。所以他說(shuō)： 靜字功夫最是要緊?！鼻笞冎?，“總須先立堅(jiān)卓之志”。所謂誠(chéng)意者，即其所知而力行之，是不欺也。所以曾國(guó)藩提出要“以禮節(jié)欲”，以維持天理和人欲之間的平衡。 曾國(guó)藩堅(jiān)持人性理氣二元論，認(rèn)為人性是理與氣的相互結(jié)合，因此人性有“天理之性”和“氣質(zhì)之性”的區(qū)別。立者足以自立也，達(dá)者四達(dá)不悖，遠(yuǎn)近信之，人心歸之。 [11]549曾國(guó)藩吸收了朱熹的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，并進(jìn)一步提出：“命于穆而不已，求之于理。 二、曾國(guó)藩的修身理論 曾國(guó)藩作為儒家思想的集大成者，在長(zhǎng)期的儒學(xué)研究和修身實(shí)踐中，結(jié)合自己的感悟和體驗(yàn)，在一定程度上發(fā)展了儒家的修身理論，形成了性命并提的天人觀(guān)和格物窮理的理氣觀(guān)。程朱理學(xué)認(rèn)為理是世間萬(wàn)物的本源，理是客觀(guān)真理，所以理是純善無(wú)惡的。正所謂“我欲仁，斯仁至矣”。在湖湘學(xué)派人士的大力倡導(dǎo)下，湖湘士人大都務(wù)實(shí)求真，不尚空談，追求儒家所倡導(dǎo)的立德、立功、立言三不朽的理想人生，再加上北宋初年建立的中國(guó)最著名的四大書(shū)院之一的長(zhǎng)沙岳麓書(shū)院經(jīng)常有著名學(xué)者在此講學(xué)，湖南自北宋開(kāi)始就一直是理學(xué)思想的中心。他以宗教徒般虔誠(chéng)的殉道精神去踐行傳統(tǒng)儒家修身理論，并由此養(yǎng)成了堅(jiān)忍的性格。本文試圖通過(guò)探析曾國(guó)藩的《曾國(guó)藩家書(shū)》、《曾國(guó)藩日記》、《曾國(guó)藩詩(shī)文》、《曾國(guó)藩書(shū)信》等著作中傳遞的修身思想及修身實(shí)踐，來(lái)指導(dǎo)我們當(dāng)代人的修身養(yǎng)性。子曰：“克己復(fù)禮為仁。同時(shí)，他也用簡(jiǎn)單通俗的比喻指出了修身的關(guān)鍵在于堅(jiān)持每天一滴一滴的 積累，以量變促成質(zhì)變。他說(shuō)：“格物，致 知之事也。朱熹出于構(gòu)建理學(xué)思想體系的需要，提出“性，即理也。貳者多猜忌也，不忠誠(chéng)也，無(wú)恒心也。朱熹 認(rèn)為人有 “天 理 之性 ”和 “氣質(zhì)之性 ”，前者源于太極之理，是絕對(duì)的善；后者則有清濁之分，善惡之別 。曾國(guó)藩極其推崇“禮”，他說(shuō)： 古之君子之所以盡其心養(yǎng)其性者，不可得而見(jiàn)；其修身齊家治國(guó)平天下，則一秉乎禮。吾身，物也。 7 曾國(guó)藩認(rèn)為成為圣賢的目標(biāo)是完全可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的，因?yàn)槿?的氣質(zhì)是可以通過(guò)讀書(shū)改變的。馳騖半生，曾不自主。曾國(guó)藩也非常重視自省修身，他在家書(shū)中 說(shuō)道：“吾家子弟，將欲自修而免于愆尤，有二語(yǔ)焉，曰：‘無(wú)好快意之事，常存省過(guò)之心’” [13]451曾國(guó)藩的自省修身主要是通過(guò)記日記反省和慎獨(dú)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。正如余英時(shí)先生在《士與中國(guó) 文化》中所說(shuō)：“唐（鑒）、曾諸人只是奉程、朱的理學(xué)為修身的準(zhǔn)則，他們并無(wú)意在心、性、理、氣上另立新說(shuō)??這正如宗教信徒不必人人都發(fā)展一套新的神學(xué)一樣” [16]這也正好解釋了為什么曾國(guó)藩可以長(zhǎng)期堅(jiān)持以苦行僧般的嚴(yán)苛方式來(lái)修身養(yǎng)性，克己成仁。s ovarian function has declined and a bilateral oviduct blockage has occurred, meaning that in vitro fertilization is her only option. So, after reducing her workload, Xiao underwent IVF treatment. Luckily, she got pregnant after just one treatment cycle, but later experienced vaginal bleeding, and rushed to the hospital. I told her to rest and carry on with the treatment (to prevent a miscarriage). As Zubin Zarthoshtimanesh, a yoga guru, demonstrated postures at a high school stadium in Dujiangyan city, Sichuan province, some 200 students sat on colorful mats watching him closely. It was part of the first IndiaChina international yoga festival in the provincial capita