【正文】 effectively used。s technical and economic decisionmaking, Cost of the project after the pletion of the project and the economic benefits, with a decisive role in project cost control is an important stage, rationally define and control the direction of the project cost of accurate positioning and building Optimization guiding role. In the decisionmaking phase of the most important is to do a good job feasibility study, the work is done well, returns on investment and can form a good proportion. Otherwise, invest more, less effective, resulting in loss of control and waste of investment. At present, some of the projects planned the owners of departure from the subjective desires of a feasibility study on the lack of scientific proof. Feasibility Study untrue, false or engineering functions obtaining the approval of their superiors, actually put into the feasibility study will be awarded in the study for the project after the smooth functioning buried a lot of hidden problems, lead to insufficient followup funds for the project and had to extend the time limit so that the project could not have planned the use of costeffective, even bee hopeless pletion of the beard works. Therefore, in order to phase in the investment decisionmaking effectively control construction costs, we must do the following aspects: ⅰ Implementation of the construction project and corporate accountability, Construction of the project from planning to implementation of the entire process and the use of the funds to repay responsibilities to the people. in addition to establishing a legal system and the project supervision matching mechanism by the departments in charge of the industry and supervision departments for setting up a monitoring group to oversee the use of funds. ⅱ A realistic approach to market analysis, to avoid the blindness of the project decisionmaking, reduces and reduces investment risk. Fully consider building projects in the future market petitiveness, design task more scientific and reliability. ⅲ Capital financing must have a formal mitment document, the parties must do investment funds in place, and funds must have documents to ensure that the project can be approved after the scheduled implementation. To the various loan conditions should be carefully analyzed to minimize the burden of interest and repayment pressure. ⅳ To strengthen the engineering geology, hydrology, geology and land, water, electricity, transport, environmental projects such as external conditions for the work of depth to make the investment estimate there are sufficient grounds. Taking extensive investigation and research, parison of similar projects, seriously functional analysis, multiprogram parison and choice. After full technical appraisal and economic evaluation, and the final technologically advanced, functional and reliable. Reasonable economic projects, thus calculate a more accurate and realistic estimation of the amount of investment, so that the project cost from the start positioning in a more reasonable level. The design phase of the project cost control for a long time, China39。 2）檢查正確性。在這個階段 ,因?yàn)樵S多項(xiàng)目都是在施工圖及施工現(xiàn)場不完善的招標(biāo)等到施工招標(biāo)的工程設(shè)計(jì)和現(xiàn)場實(shí)況 ,有更好的機(jī)會。 施工階段的施工方案 ,是基于預(yù)算或建安工程合同價(jià)的目標(biāo) ,控制工程造價(jià)。 建設(shè)單位在招標(biāo)文件中的工程量清單 , 按照國家或地方頒布的規(guī)則的計(jì)算方法 ,統(tǒng)一的項(xiàng)目劃分 , 統(tǒng)一計(jì)量單位 ,統(tǒng)一的工程計(jì)算規(guī)則按設(shè)計(jì)圖紙加以計(jì)算和統(tǒng)計(jì)安排 ,取得名單。初步設(shè)計(jì)和概算控制 , 據(jù)初步批準(zhǔn)的預(yù)算總額為設(shè)計(jì)和施工圖設(shè)計(jì)控制。不同的設(shè)計(jì)單位對同一項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)是不同的?？尚行匝芯繄?bào)告不真實(shí) ,虛假或工程職能須經(jīng)實(shí)際付諸可行性研究會在批出的研究 項(xiàng)目后 ,順利消除不少隱患 , 結(jié)果導(dǎo)致沒有足夠的后續(xù)資金支持項(xiàng)目 ,并延長時(shí)限 ,使該項(xiàng)目沒有計(jì)劃的使用效益 ,甚至成為竣工無望的工程。 我們現(xiàn)在的任務(wù)是要與現(xiàn)代成本管理的 ,符合中國國情的市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的系統(tǒng)目標(biāo) ,借鑒先進(jìn)發(fā)達(dá)國家的經(jīng)驗(yàn) , 建立健全市場經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律的工程造價(jià)管理體系 ,努力提高工程造價(jià)的水平。 所謂工程造價(jià)的有效控制 , 在優(yōu)化建設(shè)方案 ,設(shè)計(jì)方案的基礎(chǔ)上 ,在建設(shè)過程的所有階段使用某些方法和措施 ,以降低工程成本有一個合理控制的范圍 和成本的核定限額 。 隨著歷史進(jìn)程經(jīng)過恢復(fù)、改革和發(fā)展 ,形成了比較完備的概預(yù)算定額管理制度。 我國現(xiàn)階段的工程造價(jià)進(jìn)行的項(xiàng)目管理的目的是出清價(jià) ,只注重施工過程的成本控制 , 忽略開始的項(xiàng)目投資決策階段的成本控制。 2）實(shí)事求是的態(tài)度 ,市場分析 ,以避免盲目性 ,對項(xiàng)目決策 ,減少和降低投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 通過招標(biāo)選擇設(shè)計(jì)單位 ,是一個很好的方法 ,在招標(biāo)文件中詳細(xì)說明這方面的要求 ,成本控制目標(biāo)等等。 又稱價(jià)值工程的價(jià)值分析 ,是一種現(xiàn)代科學(xué)管理技術(shù) , 是一個新的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)分析的是產(chǎn)品的功 能分析 ,以節(jié)約資源 ,降低成本的目的 ,一個有效的方法。此基礎(chǔ)上 ,必須符合國家規(guī)定的工程計(jì)算規(guī)則與分包工程處工程單位 ,并按照設(shè)計(jì)圖紙 ,設(shè)計(jì)必不可少的愛情招標(biāo)文件規(guī)定計(jì)算量的項(xiàng)目應(yīng)該有一個綜合測試 ,作品必須簡單 ,雖然不露出現(xiàn)錯誤定價(jià)項(xiàng)目 ,要保證正確的工程。 建筑計(jì)劃 加強(qiáng)技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)比較施工方案是施工組織設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行了重新的工作內(nèi)容 ,合理的施工方案 ,縮短建設(shè)工期 ,確保三峽工程質(zhì)量 , 提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效率 ,施工方案正確 ,從技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)評價(jià)進(jìn)行了比較 , 通過定性和定量分析 ,質(zhì)量 ,時(shí)間 ,成本三項(xiàng)技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo) ,是理智的 , 并有效地使用人力 ,物力和財(cái)力 ,取得較好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益 ,良好的施工管理人員之間的關(guān)系 , 全面成本管理是一個重要途徑。占直接成本的 80%。 4結(jié)論 總之 ,工程造價(jià)控制是一個全過程控制 , 應(yīng)該說 ,每個環(huán)節(jié)都不能自滿 ,而且每一個環(huán)節(jié)也很重要。 with the owners of different design options, the need to calculate their own materials and equipment to conduct a cost analysis and study, to the design staff costs, to assist them in the investment limit within limits designed to save and invest. To seek a onetime small investment and economic good design program made the most rational economic indicators. ⅳ Design actively promote the socalled cap limit design, even with the approval of the design task and investment estimates, guarantee the functional requirements of the premise. The preliminary design and control budget, according to the preliminary approval of the total budget for the design and construction design control. Limits, and every one professional, each of whom have a design threshold of a target. In the design process, designers should progress to more programs, design optimization, ensuring that the design is technically advanced and reasonable, innovative, stylish, and do not break the limit investment objectives, thus eliminating the engineering design raise the factor of safety and design standards, or only consider the technical feasibility of the program, rather than economic rationality phenomenon, the project cost to ensure effective control. Also known as the value of value engineering analysis, is a modern scientific management technique, is a new technoeconomic analysis, is the product of functional analysis to conserve resources and reduce the cost of the purpose of an effective me