【正文】 章 XE3D 液壓鑿巖臺(tái)車維護(hù)保養(yǎng) 維護(hù)保養(yǎng)的安全注意事項(xiàng) 1．只能由經(jīng)培訓(xùn)的認(rèn)證人員對(duì)臺(tái)車進(jìn)行維護(hù)，調(diào)試，保養(yǎng)。 4．在更換傳感器及傳感器電纜時(shí)必須先關(guān)掉液壓及主電源，同時(shí)在聯(lián)接電纜接頭時(shí)，必須按照原安裝要求進(jìn)行安裝，避免燒壞傳感器模塊及控制系統(tǒng)。油噴射出來易發(fā)生火災(zāi)。 10．主電路系統(tǒng) —— 檢查電纜情況，檢查電控柜。 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)啟動(dòng) 1．啟動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)前要確認(rèn)手制動(dòng)按鈕在制動(dòng)位置；方向選擇旋鈕在中間位置；熄火控制桿復(fù)位；各控制手柄、控制裝置在中間位置或初始位置。 臺(tái)車的起步與停止 1．確保電纜盤和配電柜連接牢靠。用電筆測(cè)試檢查電纜和車體是否存在漏電，有漏電必須進(jìn)行處理。 出現(xiàn)非正常情況的處置和報(bào)告 1．當(dāng)設(shè)備在運(yùn)行中出現(xiàn)著火時(shí)，司機(jī)要在最短的時(shí)間內(nèi)將車停穩(wěn)，盡快切斷動(dòng)力電源，并用就近的滅火器進(jìn)行滅火，火勢(shì)較大，不能撲滅時(shí)要立即報(bào)告調(diào)度室或報(bào)火警。老師們課堂上的激情洋溢，課堂下的諄諄教誨。s plan contribution must meet certain minimum standards as to employee participation and vesting and employer funding. ERISA also approved the use of individual retirement accounts (IRAs) to encourage taxdeferred retirement savings by individuals. The Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (ERTA) provided the largest tax cut up to that time, reducing the maximum individual rate from 70 percent to 50 percent (Pub. L. No. 9734, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 172). The most sweeping tax changes since world war ii were enacted in the Tax Reform Act of 1986. This bill was signed into law by President ronald reagan and was designed to equalize the tax treatment of various assets, eliminate tax shelters, and lower marginal rates. Conservatives wanted the act to provide a single, low tax rate that could be applied to everyone. Although this single, flat rate was not included in the final bill, tax rates were reduced to 15 percent on the first $17,850 of ine for singles and $29,750 for married couples, and set at 28 to 33 percent on remaining ine. Many deductions were repealed, such as a deduction available to twoine married couples that had been used to avoid the marriage penalty (a greater tax liability incurred when two persons filed their ine tax return as a married couple rather than as individuals). Although the personal exemption exclusion was increased, an exemption for elderly and blind persons who itemize deductions was repealed. In addition, a special capital gains rate was repealed, as was an investment tax credit that had been introduced in 1962 by President john f. kennedy. The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993, the first budget and tax act enacted during the Clinton administration, was vigorously debated, and passed with only the minimum number of necessary votes. This law provided for ine tax rates of 15, 28, 31, 36, and percent on varying levels of ine and for the taxation of social security ine if the taxpayer receives other ine over a certain level. In 2021 Congress enacted a major ine tax cut at the urging of President gee w. bush. Over the course of 11 years the law reduces marginal ine tax rates across all levels of ine. The 36 percent rate will be lowered to 33 percent, the 31 percent rate to 28 percent, the 28 percent rate to 25 percent. In addition, a new bottom 陜西鐵路工程職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 21 10 percent rate was created. Since the early 1980s, a flatrate tax system rather than the graduated bracketed method has been proposed. (The graduated bracketed method is the one that has been used since graduated taxes were introduced: the percentage of tax differs based on the amount of taxable ine.) The flatrate system would impose one rate, such as 20 percent, on all ine and would eliminate special deductions, credits, and exclusions. Despite firm support by some, the flatrate tax has not been adopted in the United States. Regardless of the changes made by legislators since 1913, the basic formula for puting the amount of tax owed has remained basically the same. To determine the amount of ine tax owed, certain deductions are taken from an individual39。 陜西鐵路工程職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 17 致 謝 我的畢業(yè)論文是在左維琦老師的 精心指導(dǎo)和大力支持下完成的，左老師淵博的專業(yè)知識(shí)，嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)闹螌W(xué)態(tài)度，精益求精的工作作風(fēng)，誨人不倦的高尚師德，嚴(yán)以律己、寬以待人的崇高風(fēng)范，樸實(shí)無華、平易近人的人格魅力對(duì)我影響深遠(yuǎn)。 4．支起千斤支腿。人工拖拽時(shí)，電纜盤手柄要放在“ out”位置，電纜盤轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，電纜放出。 4．檢查液壓系統(tǒng)各操作手柄是否完好，對(duì)系統(tǒng)的操作是否到位，有無氣阻或滯后現(xiàn)象。 9．檢查工作機(jī)構(gòu)液壓系統(tǒng)膠管有無破損，膠管捆扎、吊掛是否整齊、牢靠。 6．操 作室 —— 檢查頂燈，檢查工作燈，檢查雨刷器狀態(tài)，潤(rùn)滑門合頁(yè)，檢查玻璃清洗液位，檢查空調(diào)過濾濾芯。對(duì)自己不熟悉的東西要慎重。請(qǐng)注意緊急停按鈕被按下時(shí)照明燈仍然亮，并且設(shè)備并未斷電。主要原因是大臂與鉆桿存在尺寸差異，當(dāng)大臂靠近巖面時(shí)，鉆桿靠近內(nèi)側(cè)，與上一循環(huán)搭接處就會(huì)存在錯(cuò)臺(tái)。 3．臺(tái)車在運(yùn)行中出現(xiàn)熄火故障，使制動(dòng)、轉(zhuǎn)向失靈 或誤操作等而造成溜車、撞車等車輛傷害事故。 4．操作人員因故暫離臺(tái)車而停止作業(yè)時(shí)，也應(yīng)切斷臺(tái)車電源。 鑿巖及其它作業(yè) 1．進(jìn)入鑿巖作業(yè)之前，應(yīng)清除作業(yè)面上的浮石，特別是在鑿鉆錨桿孔時(shí)更應(yīng)注意安全。其后果不僅使液壓系統(tǒng)效率下降，也加速油質(zhì)惡化，液壓油溫度超過 65℃每升高 9℃，油液的使用壽 命將縮短一半。在目前是隧道開挖中，鑿巖開挖（鉆孔）然后爆破成形的鉆爆法還是占主導(dǎo)地位。應(yīng) 用鉆爆法開挖隧道時(shí)，為鑿巖臺(tái)車提供了有利的使用條件，鑿巖臺(tái)車和裝碴設(shè)備的組合可加快施工速度、提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率，并改善勞動(dòng)條件。但是臺(tái)車成本較高，所以盡管鑿巖臺(tái)車在開挖上有較多優(yōu)勢(shì)，但是由于施工人員素質(zhì)較低，施工管理水 平較低，施工機(jī)械配套不合理等因素，鑿巖臺(tái)車并沒有發(fā)揮其作用，加上我國(guó)勞動(dòng)力充足，是得施工單位轉(zhuǎn)向技術(shù)含量較低的氣動(dòng)鑿巖機(jī)。 采用鑿巖臺(tái)車的鑿巖效率高，鉆進(jìn)速度快，能適應(yīng)各類巖層，在同等開挖斷面下，可減少鑿巖機(jī)臺(tái)數(shù)。 2．臺(tái)車行走前，應(yīng)查看場(chǎng)地周圍，確認(rèn)前后左右無人及障 礙物后，再按照引導(dǎo)人員的指示信號(hào)作業(yè)。 陜西鐵路工程職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 6 8．移動(dòng)臂時(shí)，不可讓軟管絆繞。嚴(yán)禁酒后或精神情緒不正常的人員操作。 6．當(dāng)出現(xiàn)個(gè) 別巖層較破碎時(shí)，操作手應(yīng)人工干預(yù)鉆臂，對(duì)鉆孔進(jìn)行多次沖洗，清理碎碴，便于后續(xù)的裝藥工作。 3．盡量采用原機(jī)的固持裝配技術(shù)要求進(jìn)行裝配。明火能引發(fā)燃燒爆炸。操作前檢查各部件動(dòng)作。 4．檢查發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)空氣濾清器及進(jìn)氣管道是否嚴(yán)密。 3．發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)開始運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)必須平穩(wěn)減速，使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)以低速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，嚴(yán)禁冷車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)陜西鐵路工程職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 13 高速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。 5．松開手制動(dòng)，選擇一檔起步，行駛速度不得高于 8km/h。 鑿巖作業(yè) 1．碎石卡住，防卡釬保護(hù)開始動(dòng)作。適用范圍廣，零件通用率高，可根據(jù)用戶的不同要求組裝成各種型式的臺(tái)車，實(shí)現(xiàn)了品種的多樣化，同時(shí)縮短了產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)周期，產(chǎn)品更新?lián)Q代快。同學(xué)們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)中的認(rèn)真熱情，生活上的熱心主動(dòng)，所有這些都讓我的三年充滿了感動(dòng)。 disdain for this taxation without representation (socalled because the colonies had no voice in the establishment of the taxes) gave rise to revolts such as the Boston Tea Party. However, even after the Revolutionary War and the adoption of the . Constitution, the main source of revenue for the newly created states was money received from customs and excise taxes on items such as carriages, sugar, whiskey, and snuff. Ine tax first appeared in the United States in 1862, during the Civil War. At that time only about one percent o