【正文】 iculties were eventually overe with improved detail design of the system ponents. Today, most curtain wall manufacturers offer a quality product line of ponents which can be used to create one of the best overall exterior wall systems. A curtain wall system is a lightweight exterior cladding which is hung on the building structure, usually from floor to floor. It can provide a variety of exterior appearances but is characterized by narrowly spaced vertical and horizontal caps with glass or metal infill panels. These systems provide a finished exterior appearance and most often a semifinished interior as well. They are also designed to acmodate structural deflections, control winddriven rain and air leakage, minimize the effects of solar radiation and provide for maintenancefree long term performance. Most of today39。筆者想利用香港的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，來介紹一些當(dāng)?shù)乇”谀粔ο到y(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)和安裝 的實(shí)踐和總結(jié)。這一代系統(tǒng)被用戶廣泛接受 . 什么是幕墻 現(xiàn) 代 建筑 越 來越 青 睞于金屬和玻 璃 幕墻 系 統(tǒng)。 該系統(tǒng)具有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn) /缺點(diǎn)： 優(yōu)點(diǎn)： 成本低，可使用散裝的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)原件； 更短的設(shè)計(jì)和制造時(shí)間； 更加容易地適合建筑物的形狀和形式； 形成豎框和背架的部分相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單； 充填面板的設(shè)計(jì)非常靈活還可以形成各種組合； 使用不同的材料外觀； 由于提供了拱肩面板（不透明部分）的設(shè)計(jì)，更多顏色的設(shè)計(jì)方案可以實(shí)現(xiàn)； 安裝系統(tǒng)只需要建立一個(gè)像手動(dòng)操作滑輪的簡(jiǎn)單工具； 更容易進(jìn)行更換，改造和維修。除了構(gòu)件幕墻子系統(tǒng)和單元系統(tǒng)，其他幕墻系統(tǒng)很少在香港使用。一種密封的雙層玻璃窗戶單元可以容納 一個(gè)室內(nèi)濕度上升至約 35％在 25℃ 下用小縮合的室外溫度出現(xiàn)在玻璃上。 舊 系 統(tǒng)由 于 設(shè)計(jì) 和 生產(chǎn)簡(jiǎn)單，雖 然 勞動(dòng) 強(qiáng) 度大 ， 但當(dāng) 時(shí) 的勞 動(dòng) 力成本相對(duì)便 宜 。 使用的第一代和第二代系統(tǒng)有相當(dāng)多的設(shè)計(jì)缺陷 、 潛在隱患 ， 而新的系統(tǒng)更可靠的 有些系統(tǒng)幾乎不需要維修。確保了結(jié)構(gòu)豎框的熱穩(wěn)定也確保不受擴(kuò)大和 極端收縮的影響。這可以通過支撐豎框的外側(cè)遠(yuǎn)離跨越做建筑物的結(jié)構(gòu)層。 圖 2 用構(gòu)件幕墻系統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目 68 層高的信興廣場(chǎng)深圳（左）和網(wǎng)關(guān)在尖沙咀 翠。 幕墻系統(tǒng)迅速發(fā)展了近二十年 ， 特別是在氣候控制性能等方面。在那時(shí)高層 建筑主要集中在商業(yè)區(qū)如香港島的中央和九龍半島的尖沙咀一面。ade/walling designed by local architects and with materials supplied by local manufacturers. The mon systems used by that time were in majority sticktype, spandrel and cover, or unitinframe systems, constructed of aluminum sections, sometimes incorporated with large areas of stone slabs to cover up solid walls. They were popular due to their highly adaptability, low cost, easy to designandinstall nature. More deluxe mercial buildings were built in the late 70’s as the economy of Hong Kong growing hotter and hotter. Developers tended to request for systems with higher performance as the external envelop for their buildings, in terms both of appearance, material, construction and maintenance concerns. Due to the relative lack of experience at that stage, the performance of these second generation curtain wall systems (from late 70’s to mid 80’s) could still hardly described as satisfactory. Problems like seepage, staining, deformation, deterioration and rapid aging of the jointing materials, were very mon to many walling cases, often to a condition that made repair and maintenance almost impossible. The replacement of these walling systems not only costly, but also created great disruption to the normal utilization of the building users, and at the same time badly lowered the property value of the entire premises. The third generation of curtain wall systems roughly started in the mid/late 80’s, by the time Hong Kong was experiencing her economic climax before the handing over of her sovereignty back to China in 1997. Acmodated experience in the application of curtain wall systems in highperformance buildings contributed solidly in the process of perfecting these systems. Throughout the period, the design and production teams, as well as the manufacturers and the engineering supporting teams, were growing more mature in the mastering of the local situation and market. Most problems appeared in the previous cases have been much effectively taken care of. Systems of this generation are in general much more satisfactorily received by most users. WHAT IS A CURTAIN WALL Metal and glass curtain wall systems have found growing favour in modern architecture. They are easily distinguished from other types of claddings by their thin mullions of horizontal and vertical metallic bars surrounding an all glass or metal panel. The curtain wall system has evolved rapidly over the last two decades, especially with respect to weather control performance. The early systems presented frequent rain peration problems。當(dāng)時(shí)的通用系統(tǒng)大多數(shù)由鋁部分 構(gòu)成有時(shí)并入大面積的石板掩蓋其實(shí)心墻。在今天大多數(shù)的幕墻制造商可通過其高 質(zhì)量的生產(chǎn)線提供零部件，這些零部件可以被用來創(chuàng)建最佳的整體外墻系統(tǒng)。該面板可以設(shè)計(jì)成一些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或可選版如全玻璃、釉面不透明板、金屬或石板、完全 不透明的百葉窗式面板等。 圖 4 外墻設(shè)計(jì)原則 建筑物外殼可以廣義地定義為一組從內(nèi)側(cè)到外側(cè)相互連接的單獨(dú)的元素 。下面是一些常見的問題來源： ，系統(tǒng)選擇不適應(yīng)不符合設(shè)計(jì)的性能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，百密一疏細(xì)節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)不當(dāng)，使 用的材料不當(dāng)?shù)取? 在 香 港幕 墻 系統(tǒng) 的 進(jìn)一步發(fā)展和 完 善是 一 個(gè)持 續(xù) 的過 程 。 用 文字 去 描述它只能覆 蓋 一個(gè) 很小的關(guān)鍵問題。雖 然 它從 外 觀看 不 明顯 ， 系統(tǒng)采用的保 溫 相當(dāng) 落后，如肩玻璃及其他任何不透明的面板。其因此，使用僅限于某 些種類的建筑的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化原件于收入階層或用于工業(yè)用途的建筑物。 構(gòu)件幕墻系統(tǒng) 幕 墻 構(gòu) 件 幕墻系 統(tǒng) 是掛 在 建筑物的包層 和 外墻 的 系統(tǒng) 結(jié) 構(gòu)。 圖 1 中環(huán)及香港尖沙咀九龍區(qū) 第三代幕墻系統(tǒng)的大致始于 80 年代末中期，因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)香港在 1997 年交出她的主權(quán) 回到中國(guó)前經(jīng)歷了經(jīng)濟(jì)高潮。 as well as the introduction of other additional functions that curtain wall may take up like the incorporation of photocell onto panels of wall, the providing of automatic/robotic machine in the system for external wall cleansing, or curtain wall capable to perform light show at night. Meanwhile, the continual improvement of workmanship and refinement of work detailing in particular to the areas directly in touch with the building structure or other building finishes, is a prime concern to the ensurance of a good curtain wall system, that sometimes project executives may easily overlooked. 中文譯文： 超高層建筑幕墻系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)與性能