【正文】 ate. The 5th Shamar Rinpoche Statue from 16 17th century of Tibet was sold for million yuan. The Beijing Chengxuan Auctions featured almost 2,800 items of coins and stamps in three sessions with good sale rate. The Huachen Auctions also set a special session of photographs under the condition of largescale decline of auction sessions. There was a palpable dull thud of disappointment that acpanied the return of the imperial entourage of Zhen Huan to her homeland. It followed a couple years of hushed excitement as Chinese fans were fed tidbits about their proud concubine who was supposed to conquer the high ground of the North American market. Zhen Huan is, of course, the title character of The Legend of Zhen Huan, a 2021 television series that swept China off its feet and later took other As ian countries by storm. Two years ago, it was reported that HBO, a premium cable service headquartered in the United States, was going to air it in North America after some modification. Now, a condensed version that provides English subtitles but no dubbing has finally been made available on Netflix for online streaming. This version, highly anticipated as a milestone in China39。如今，伴隨著這篇論文的終稿，我忐忑的心得以平復(fù)，甚至感受到無比的成就。如 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)壓縮比低于 :1，選用 90 號(hào)汽油 。 故障檢查 將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)罩蓋打開，猛踩油門檢查發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)有無爆震聲，發(fā)現(xiàn)確實(shí)有爆震聲。因此，需要將反映發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)振動(dòng)頻率的輸出電壓 信號(hào)送到識(shí)別爆燃的濾波器中，通過濾波處理后便可判別是否有爆燃產(chǎn)生的信號(hào)及其強(qiáng)度。當(dāng)測(cè)得發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)爆震時(shí)，則自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)點(diǎn)火正時(shí)，將點(diǎn)火提前角延后至不會(huì)引起爆震的時(shí)刻，等到發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)停止爆震時(shí)，再緩慢的將點(diǎn)火提前角回正。裝車后試車，氧傳感器信號(hào)數(shù)值還是不正常。因此，先檢查進(jìn)氣歧管絕對(duì)壓力傳感器信號(hào)，從診斷儀上讀取數(shù)據(jù)流在正常范圍內(nèi)。 由于檢測(cè)燃燒室壓力變化所采集的信號(hào)是爆震時(shí)氣缸內(nèi)的直接信號(hào)，因而測(cè)量精度較高，但傳感器安裝困難，且耐久性較差，一般用于測(cè)量?jī)x器，實(shí)際應(yīng)用的壓力檢測(cè)傳感器均為間接檢測(cè)式。同時(shí)， 機(jī)油管路被堵塞，摩擦件產(chǎn)生的熱量就無法傳遞出去，致使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)溫度過高。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的壓縮比高，那么它燃燒室的壓力也較高，其 氣缸壓縮終了時(shí)的溫度通常高于正常溫度 80110℃ ，當(dāng)進(jìn)入氣缸燃燒室的混合氣吸收過度的熱量， 那么燃燒室內(nèi)的混合氣會(huì)出現(xiàn)分子凝聚現(xiàn)象，在分子吸收大量熱量并處于高壓下， 在達(dá)到它的燃點(diǎn)時(shí)，此時(shí)若燃燒室內(nèi)存有積炭或 局部恰有熱點(diǎn) 出現(xiàn)，吸收足夠熱量的汽油分子便會(huì)自行燃燒起來，或在火花塞 還未 點(diǎn)火之前就自行燃燒，即所謂的自燃、預(yù)燃， 若是使用抗爆性低的燃油，則容易發(fā)生爆震。 爆震的特點(diǎn)是在沒有火花塞參與的情況下，油氣混合氣在火花塞點(diǎn)火之后依舊 可被點(diǎn)燃或自行燃燒，大致以兩種形式表達(dá)出來即表面點(diǎn)火和爆燃。 爆震，在許多國(guó)外的文獻(xiàn)資料中都稱為敲缸。In addition to the knock sensor, analyzes the structure and working principle of research by paring two different sensors to prevent car knock knock sensor is described in this paper the important meaning. On detonation, after a series of research and discussion on the basis of the find out the detonation of prevention and cure, in order to solve all sorts of bad harm caused by the detonation. Keywords: gasoline engine, detonation, cause, harm and prevention 目 錄 誠(chéng)信申明 ..................................................................................................錯(cuò)誤 !未定義書簽。 錯(cuò)誤 !未定義書簽。 就目前的實(shí)力和現(xiàn)狀而言，對(duì)于爆震的防治采用爆震傳感器是最有效，最實(shí)用，最簡(jiǎn)便的方法。 爆震的危害 爆震會(huì)造成發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)運(yùn)行狀況變差， 導(dǎo)致發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的功率下降、油耗增加，這是由于燃燒過程未遵循設(shè)計(jì)方式，使得發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)效率降低。 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)溫度過高 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)太熱可能是由以下原因所引起： 冷卻系統(tǒng)故障 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在運(yùn)行過程中，冷卻液逐步蒸發(fā)消耗掉，當(dāng)冷卻液低于一定量的時(shí)候，就不能對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)較好的冷卻，從而導(dǎo)致發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)過熱。潤(rùn)滑油的選用不當(dāng)也會(huì)影響潤(rùn)滑和傳熱效果。 混合氣燃燒噪聲檢測(cè)法是用壓力傳感器檢測(cè)噪聲的頻率，配以相應(yīng)的信號(hào)濾波系統(tǒng)和信 號(hào)識(shí)別系統(tǒng)，在噪聲儀測(cè)得的信號(hào)中，通過在頻率范圍內(nèi)聲級(jí)的大小來判定爆震的強(qiáng)弱。 廢氣再循環(huán)閥機(jī)械部位泄露。拆下進(jìn)氣歧管絕對(duì)壓力傳 感器，發(fā)現(xiàn)傳感器通氣口被贓物和積碳堵塞，清潔傳感器及進(jìn)氣歧管后試車，并用 TECH2查看發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)，數(shù)據(jù)流顯示正常。 爆震傳感器分類 爆震傳感器也有多種類型。 [11] 圖 44 磁致伸縮式爆震傳感器的結(jié)構(gòu) 工作原理： 該傳感器是通過發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)振動(dòng)的頻率與電壓信號(hào)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換來檢測(cè)爆燃強(qiáng)度。 故障診斷 通過以上的檢查可以斷定是由于爆震傳感器斷線引起無爆震控制信號(hào)，詢問車主是否在外面加了標(biāo)號(hào)低的燃油，車主講加過燃油，但不能肯定燃油標(biāo)號(hào)不對(duì)。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)壓縮比高于 :1,選用98 號(hào)汽油。是他們讓我學(xué)到很多，讓我學(xué)會(huì)做人做事。s to e and recapping the key points. This device, not used in the original, is culturally understandable but artistically mediocre. What puzzles me is the two new songs for the opening and end credits. They were written in English, but sung by Chinese with an unfortable accent. They were obviously designed to appeal to an Englishspeaking base, but do not jibe with the Chinese dialogue. Speaking of the dialogue, the English translation, picked apart by some Chinese, is too literal for my taste. I can imagine a typical American hit by a flurry of royal ranks, addresses and greetings, even multiple names and titles for the same person. The first half hour must be a swamp to wade through, very much like my experience of getting through a Tolstoy tome with its endless inflections of names transliterated into lengthy Chinese. I see the choice of verbatim translation as an effort for conveying exotica. It is fairly petent, with no error that I could detect, but fails to rise above words or capture the essence of the language. A cultural product usually cross es over to a foreign territory first by an emphasis on the monalities. But whether inside or outside China, the temptation to sell it for the differences is just too great. Sure, the sumptuous sets and costumes are a big attraction, but the narrative technique has bee－ how shall I put it?－ a bit anglicized, which is necessary for cultural export. Judging by the responses, this legend, which, contrary to the claim of the English trailer, is totally fictitious, has departed from China but not yet landed on American shores. I am a big fan of Ralph Waldo Emerson39。s president, who is also a renowned tenor, tells China Daily. During a tour in 1985, he went to a village and met an elderly local man, who told him a story about his friendship with a solider from Shenyang, capital of Northeast China39。在此向楊老師表示深深地感謝和崇高的敬意。 選擇油號(hào) 采用抗爆性能好的燃料，燃油標(biāo)號(hào)高低的選定隨車輛壓縮比不同而不同，高壓縮比車使用高標(biāo)號(hào)的燃油，因?yàn)槿加蜆?biāo)號(hào)高，燃燒速度慢，燃燒爆震低；反之，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)低壓縮比車，油的燃燒速度快，燃燒爆 震大，應(yīng)使用低標(biāo)號(hào)燃油。一次外出從高速公路上返回后感到發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)響，類似于爆震的聲音，并且看到電控系統(tǒng)故障指示燈亮。在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)爆燃發(fā)生時(shí)，由于這種傳感器輸出的電壓不大，具有平緩的輸出特性。爆震傳感器檢測(cè)范圍通常設(shè)計(jì)成能測(cè)量 515khz。用化油器清洗劑對(duì)節(jié)氣門和進(jìn)氣歧管部位進(jìn)行測(cè)試，當(dāng)噴到節(jié)氣門墊位置時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)氧傳感器信號(hào)數(shù)值有明顯變化，判定節(jié)氣門墊處泄漏，于是將節(jié)氣門體拆下，檢查節(jié)氣門墊，無異常。 根據(jù)以上信息，在廢氣再循環(huán)測(cè)試中動(dòng)力控制模塊起到對(duì)進(jìn)氣歧管絕對(duì)壓力的一個(gè)記錄作用，指示廢氣再循環(huán)流量不足。 [8] 檢測(cè)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)爆震的方法有三種：檢測(cè)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)燃燒室壓力變化；檢測(cè)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)缸體振動(dòng)頻 率；檢測(cè)混合氣燃燒噪聲。 潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)故障 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)機(jī)油濾清器被堵塞后，機(jī)油由于沒有經(jīng)過濾清，很容易堵塞機(jī)油管路，造成潤(rùn)滑不良。 辛烷值過低，油質(zhì)不好 辛烷值是燃油抗爆震的指標(biāo)，汽油的抗爆性能隨辛烷值的增大而變好。 爆震又分為有感爆震和無感爆震兩種，有感爆震通常會(huì)引起發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)抖動(dòng)、甚至車身也明顯地發(fā)生抖動(dòng)，無感爆震主要表現(xiàn)是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)噪聲加大。盡管我國(guó)汽車行業(yè)在電控技術(shù)方面起步晚，但是其發(fā)展速度卻是無比的迅速，屬于超常發(fā)展階段。s safety, reliability and is a kind of abnormal bustion characteristic of th