【正文】 became nationally famous at the college level and carried their fans along in their professional basketball careers. The women39。s development: zone defenses, the weave, the passing game, and the fast break. In the decade preceding World War II, five events changed college basketball and allowed it to bee a major spectator sport. In 1929, the rules mittee reversed a decision that would have outlawed dribbling and slowed the game considerably. Five years later, promoter Edward Ned Irish staged the first intersectional twin bill in Madison Square Garden in New York City and attracted more than 16,000 fans. He demonstrated the appeal of major college ball and made New York its center. In December 1936, Hank Luisetti of Stanford revealed the virtues of the onehanded shot to an amazed Garden audience and became the first major collegiate star. Soon thereafter, Luisetti scored an incredible fifty points against Duquesne, thus ending the East39。s Philadelphia SPHAs (South Philadelphia Hebrew Association)。 England in 1894。在小苗成長這個案例中： （ 1）分梳技術(shù)的研制及其成功對小苗有很高的滿足個人需要的價值，他有這樣一種抱負(fù)，一種追求 ，小苗的主觀性效價是高的；（ 2）同時，小苗對于付出努力行為以實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的可能性也有充分的信心，其期望值也是高的。⑤科學(xué)合理地制定招聘、挑選、提升、退休和解聘職工的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這是對我們員工價值的一個充分體現(xiàn)。他們每個人都具有不同的行為規(guī)范，也有著不同的價值理念。今年系里來了一批年輕的碩士、博士生，改變了 教師隊伍的結(jié)構(gòu)。 案例三：《古井酒廠》 4 新春伊始，是許多企業(yè)回顧成績 .展望未來的時候，尤其是那些效益好 的企業(yè)，更要在此時表彰一番以鼓舞士氣。即組織目標(biāo)、組織所期望獲得的期望值正確處理三者關(guān)系。 溝通審計表明，艾克蒂斯的努力取得了極大成功。彼得斯和沃德曼的觀點是強文化是強績效優(yōu)異企業(yè)具有的重要特征，強文化是 指組織成員擁有一套比較一致的價值觀。 2．發(fā)明；指設(shè)計各種解決辦法以縮小差距。指向一個主管直接匯報工作的下屬的人數(shù)。 4．組織規(guī)模。 可以從兩個方面來描述一個組織所面對的外部環(huán)境的特征： 復(fù)雜性和穩(wěn)定性。 管理者通過計劃與預(yù)算處理復(fù)雜問題，他們設(shè)置目標(biāo)，確定完成目標(biāo)的方法，分配資源以實現(xiàn)目 標(biāo)。 2. 簡述創(chuàng)造性問題解決的步驟。 2. 人際關(guān)系：是個體之間在社會活動中形成的以情感為紐帶的相互聯(lián)系。 強化程序分為連續(xù)性強化和間斷性（部分）強化。一般而論，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是管理的四大主要活動之一。 最后，中止階段。隨著環(huán)境從簡單到復(fù)雜，從穩(wěn)定到多變，隨著技術(shù)從簡單到復(fù)雜，組織結(jié)構(gòu)從職能結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)由分部結(jié)構(gòu)、矩陣結(jié)構(gòu)過渡到網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)。 2．組織層次。 論述組織學(xué)習(xí)及其過程。傾聽是一個綜合運用身體、情緒、智力尋求意義和理解的過程。例如，《 GM 員工》向員工家屬報告公司發(fā)生的重大事件；《主管須知》向管理人員介紹溝通技術(shù)；《聯(lián)系活動》探討如何改進勞資關(guān)系，論述減少成本、提高質(zhì)量、保持優(yōu)勢的各種措施；《焦點透視》刊登對經(jīng)理、顧客、員工、供應(yīng)商、工會官員等的訪談錄?！埃拧北硎拘r，即對王安和員工來講工作所具有的價值。 本案例中的季老，首先應(yīng)明確老鮑在課題研究中的角色地位，老費是配合老鮑工作的，老鮑是課題的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，以消除他心理上由于老費加入而產(chǎn)生構(gòu)成對自己地位構(gòu)成威脅的心理壓力。去年他是全校的先進教師。對于企業(yè)文化建設(shè)而言，在企業(yè)的發(fā)展過程中，它不是自發(fā)產(chǎn)生的，大連三洋制冷有限公司在成立伊始時，作為企業(yè)的經(jīng)營者和管理者的公司經(jīng)理肖永勤，就把企業(yè)文化的建設(shè)作為企業(yè)發(fā)展中的一個重要基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)。我們通過企業(yè)文化建設(shè)，也建立了使我 們的質(zhì)量管理體系得到有效運行。③領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者進行詳細的角色示范，教育和培訓(xùn)。據(jù)此，小苗是一個高成就需要者，公司為他創(chuàng)造了高 成就的機會，小苗在為公司做出成就的同時，公司及時給予他必要的物質(zhì)激勵，就是說把內(nèi)激勵和外激勵有機地結(jié)合起來，不僅考慮了小苗的成就激勵需要，而且能夠及時地給予必要的物質(zhì)鼓勵，也促使小苗在工作上更加努力，為企業(yè)做出新的貢獻。 the ball was the objective. To score, the ball had to be shot through a horizontal, elevated goal. The team with the most points at the end of an allotted time period wins. Early in the history of basketball, the local YMCAs provided the gymnasiums, and membership in the anization grew rapidly. The size of the local gym dictated the number of players。s original thirteen rules remain, the game soon changed considerably, and the founder had little to do with its evolution. The first intercollegiate game was played in Minnesota in 1895, with nine players to a side and a final score of nine to three. A year later, the first fiveman teams played at the University of Chicago. Baskets were now constructed of twine s but it was not until 1906 that the bottom of the s were open. In 1897, the dribble was first used, field goals became two points, foul shots one point, and the first professional game was played. A year later, the first professional league was started, in the East, while in 1900, the first intercollegiate league began. In 1910, in order to limit rough play, it was agreed that four fouls would disqualify players, and glass backboards were used for the first time. Noheless, many rules still differed, depending upon where the games were played and whether professionals, collegians, or YMCA players were involved. College basketball was played from Texas to Wisconsin and throughout the East through the 1920s, but most teams played only in their own regions, which prevented a national game or audience from developing. Professional basketball was played almost exclusively in the East before the 1920s, except when a team would barnstorm into the Midwest to play local teams, often after a league had folded. Before the 1930s very few games, either professional or amateur, were played in facilities suitable for basketball or with a perfectly round ball. Some were played in arenas with chicken wire separating the players from fans, thus the word cagers, others with posts in the middle of the floor and often with balconies overhanging the corners, limiting the areas from which shots could be taken. Until the late 1930s, all players used the twohand set shot, and scores remained low. Basketball in the 1920s and 1930s became both more anized and more popular, although it still lagged far behind both baseball and college football. In the pros, five urban, ethnic teams excelled and played with almost no college graduates. They were the New York Original Celtics。s prestige began to decline. Professional basketball remained a disanized and stodgy sport up until the late 1940s, with barnstorming still central to the game and most players still using the set shot. In 1946, however, hockey owners, led by Maurice Podoloff, created the Basketball Association of America (BAA) in the East to fill their arenas, but few fans came, even after Joe Fulks of Philadelphia introduced the jump shot. The BAA39。s game by recognizing it as an Olympic event in 1976. Again, television coverage of the Olympics has been exceptionally important in drawing attention to international teams. The first professional men39。s National Basketball Association (WNBA) playoffs. And it has also made American heroes out of its player and coach legends like Michael Jordan, Larry Bird, Earvin Magic Johnson, Sheryl Swoopes, and other great players. At the heart of the game is the playing space and the equipment. The space is a rectangular, indoor court. The principal pieces of equipment are the tw