【正文】 or soil in the construction. It is a modern city of highspeed product development, the city will again ease the contradictions of the role to improve the living environment, but also opened up new human life. Rational development and utilization of human natural and artificial excavation of the underground space, not only help to ease the development of modern urban contradictions, to improve the living environment, but also to open up a new human life. Because of the largescale development of underground construction, underground architecture is taking shape, its research includes the history of development of underground construction and development of underground space development and utilization of underground space in urban planning, various types of underground construction planning and design, as well as underground construction and related environmental, physiological, psychological and technical issues. Underground construction has a good protective performance, better thermal stability and confined, as well as an integrated economic, social and environmental benefits. Underground construction in a certain thickness of rock or soil, you can avoid or reduce nuclear weapons, conventional weapons, chemical and biological weapons of destruction, while at the same time more effectively to resist earthquakes, hurricanes and other natural disasters. Underground construction in and around the confined environment of relatively stable existence of the temperature field, temperature, or for creating ultraclean manufacturing environment and at low temperatures or under hightemperature storage of materials, pollution prevention, especially for energy conservation as well. In the city planned the construction of underground construction, urban 2 land use for savings, lower building density, to improve urban transportation, the expansion of green space, reduce urban pollution and improve the quality of urban life, etc., can play an important role. Underground construction also has shortings, such as construction costs are high, the construction plicated. A Brief History of the development of underground ancient times, humans have been antiyears use of natural caves, and shelter to escape the beast. Zhoukoudian in China found that more than 50 million years ago, Peking Man lived in caves in the natural. According to Yangshao Culture and Longshan Culture found in archaeological sites, to prove that since 7000 ~ 5000 years ago, began living dug caves, from the simple bagshaped to round or square semicrypt, above the roof of a simple. Later, the beginning of the construction of housing on the ground, cave gradually ceased to be the main mode of living human beings. However, the ancient tombs on the ground in accordance with the construction method in underground construction. Some grain is also built in the ground, such as the Sui Dynasty in Luoyang warehouse containing Kerry. Northwest China, North China Loess Plateau region, as a result of excavation loess and climatefriendly dry cave tradition continues to this day. Estimated that there are still more than 35 million population live in the cave. After the industrial revolution, as a result of mining and the development of transport, mines, roadways, highways, tunnels, railway tunnels have been built. London, England in 1863 into a city of the world39。 Second, in winter there is no lowtemperature thermal insulation during the construction of measures , that is, when the goods after the concrete into the mold, cement hydration heat and the environment significantly increased the temperature at 0 ℃ about, then the outer panel of contraction at low temperatures, resulting in cracks. Third, improper pouring methods, such as pumping to take concrete pouring is not hierarchical, but pouring from one part of the maximum, and then the mobile shop and then pouring a section of pipe。人類合理開發(fā)和綜合利用天然形成的和人工挖掘的地下空間，不僅有助于緩和現(xiàn)代城市發(fā)展中的各種矛盾 ,改善生活環(huán)境 ,還為人類開拓了新的生活領(lǐng)域。有些糧倉也建在地下，如隋代洛陽的含嘉倉。 order to speed up the construction schedule is necessary to design and manufacture of largescale mining machinery。 (2) improper selection of materials, such as contraction of cement, and stone size distribution of the poor, with a large quantity of mud。 in the rock should be chosen homogeneous lithology, structure simple, thick stone rock hard to avoid the fault fracture zone, seismic zone and instability, such as the 6 slope. In the plain areas, should pay attention to changes in groundwater level and its direct impact on the burial depth of underground construction, construction measures and construction methods。 (5) the quality control of raw materials, timely grasp the construction environment, in strict accordance with the construction norms of construction。在城市中有計劃地建造地下建筑，對節(jié)省城市用地，降低建筑密度，改善城市交通，擴(kuò)大綠地面積，減輕城市污染，提高城市生活質(zhì)量等方面，都可以起到重要的作用。 地下建筑發(fā)展簡史 遠(yuǎn)古時期，人類就開始利用天然洞穴防寒暑、避風(fēng)雨和躲避野獸。 (7) Construction of the summer heat must be cooled to control the concrete into the mold temperature shall not exceed 28 ℃ 。 sound insulation and sound absorption of the appropriate use of measures to control the noise level allowed. Building to deal with such as a plete portfolio of interior space and changes in the unity of the material texture and contrast the rich interior colors and harmonization, have helped to create a good internal environment, the elimination of the underground environment on people39。 2 ) underground construction structure steel concrete posite structure ponents of the calculation of portfolio analysis。 in the deep strata (a few hundred meters to 1000 meters) in the construction of an underground nuclear waste repository is to solve this problem a better way to be a wide range of importance. In an