【正文】 China, which is the second largest host country of CDM projects in terms of registered projects. Moreover, the concepts of carbon credit or even climate change mitigation in general, are still difficult for ordinary citizens to understand. Though these barriers are not necessarily characteristic for all lowcarbon munity development projects, the lower profitability of developmentoriented projects and the novelty of carbon credits are important obstacles to consider when developing possible promotion measures. Roles of local governments： In China, local governments actively play various facilitating roles, but they do not develop and implement projects directly due to CDM regulations. For CDM projects, local governments in China have played the role of facilitator, recognizing the benefits of local development through CDM projects. Local governments sometimes provide necessary land and electricity with favourable conditions to CMD projects. Ways to promote carbon finance for lowcarbon munity development：Although CDM is a carbon finance mechanism which is relatively widely used in the Philippines, Indonesia and China pared to the other financial mechanisms, there is still considerable scope to expand its use further. In order to do this, unfavourable conditions for investors and CDM specific issues should be addressed. Enhancing the roles of local governments： Several local governments have played effective facilitation roles to support project proponents as well as promote munication among stakeholders. They have also provided land and electricity, developed necessary local institutions, and provided benefits and subsidies. These local governments’ experiences can be shared with other local governments, both domestically and sometimes internationally, that are interested in lowcarbon development using new environmental financial mechanisms. In addition to the demonstrated cases, local governments could promote twostep loans to finance lowcarbon munity development projects by effectively coordinating with national governments and international / local financial institutions. A key point is that local governments can use carbon financing to revitalize stalled developmental projects, if these projects also have GHG emissions mitigation effects, since additionality could be demonstrated. Further development of notforprofit / nonprofit private finance： The barriers to notforprofit private finance for lowcarbon development projects could be overe if the revenues could be increased or costs could be reduced. The social business model, which creates social value while paying back the original investment but does not deliver profits or dividends to investors, such as the microcredit business in Bangladesh by Grameen or ITbased educational and medical services in Bangladesh by bracNet, is an attractive business model if it could be applied to lowcarbon munity development in East Asian developing countries. There are several trials of microcredit for renewable energy in India and China and these cases might demonstrate potential ways to overe these barriers. They include solar photovoltaic power generation financed by microcredit, solar photovoltaic power generation operated and maintained through a feeforservice mechanism similar to ESCO, solar heating funded through twostep loans , and solar rechargeable lanterns paid by beneficiaries, all in India. Other cases include a solar photovoltaic water pumping system for irrigation in India funded through subsidies, soft loans and beneficiaries’ payments and wind power generation funded by government investment and partially operated and maintained by beneficiaries’ payment in China. Conclusion： This study found that there are at least dozens of CDM projects that are oriented towards local munity development in each case study country the Philippines, Indonesia and China and there are a few developmentoriented mitigation projects that are producing voluntary carbon credits in Indonesia in the areas of energy efficiency, renewable energy, waste and wastewater, and transport, but there are none in the Philippines and China. Lowcarbon development proje