【正文】 and concealing the size of a village’s population from government census takers would have been easy. Therefore, it is reasonable to think that the reported declines did not happen. In the historian’s argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles? ? The first supplies a context for the historian’s argument。 the second acknowledges a consideration that calls that assumption into question. GWD5Q20: Scientists typically do their most creative work before the age of forty. It is monly thought that this happens because aging by itself brings about a loss of creative capacity. However, studies show that a disproportionately large number of the scientists who produce highly creative work beyond the age of forty entered their field at an older age than is usual. Since by the age of forty the large majority of scientists have been working in their field for at least fifteen years, the studies’ finding strongly suggests that the real reason why scientists over forty rarely produce highly creative work is not that they have simply aged but rather that they generally have spent too long in a given field. In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles? ? The first is the position that the argument as a whole opposes。GWD5Q1: So dogged were Frances Perkins’ investigations of the garment industry, and her lobbying for wage and hour reform was persistent, Alfred E. Smith and Franklin D. Roosevelt recruited Perkins to work within the government, rather than as a social worker. ? and her lobbying for wage and hour reform was persistent, ? and lobbying for wage and hour reform was persistent, so that ? her lobbying for wage and hour reform persistent, that ? lobbying for wage and hour reform was so persistent, ? so persistent her lobbying for wage and hour reform, that Q2: GWD414 Guidebook writer: I have visited hotels throughout the country and have noticed that in those built before 1930 the quality of the original carpentry work is generally superior to that in hotels built afterward. Clearly carpenters working on hotels before 1930 typically worked with more skill, care, and effort than carpenters who have worked on hotels built subsequently. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the guidebook writer’s argument? ? The quality of original carpentry in hotels is generally far superior to the quality of original carpentry in other structures, such as houses and stores. ? Hotels built since 1930 can generally acmodate more guests than those built before 1930. ? The materials available to carpenters working before 1930 were not significantly different in quality from the materials available to carpenters working after 1930. ? The better the quality of original carpentry in a building, the less likely that building is to fall into disuse and be demolished. ? The average length of apprenticeship for carpenters has declined significantly since 1930. GWD5Q3: The average hourly wage of television assemblers in Vernland has long been significantly lower than that in neighboring Borodia. Since Borodia dropped all tariffs on Vernlandian televisions three years ago, the number of televisions sold annually in Borodia has not changed. However, recent statistics show a drop in the number of television assemblers in Borodia. Therefore, updated trade statistics will probably indicate that the number of televisions Borodia imports annually from Vernland has increased. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends? ? The number of television assemblers in Vernland has increased by at least as much as the number of television assemblers in Borodia has decreased. ? Televisions assembled in Vernland have features that televisions assembled in Borodia do not have. ? The average number of hours it takes a Borodian television assembler to assemble a television has not decreased significantly during the past three years. ? The number of televisions assembled annually in Vernland has increased significantly during the past three years. ? The difference between the hourly wage of television assemblers in Vernland and the hourly wage of television assemblers in Borodia is likely to decrease in the next few years. GWD5Q4: The Quechuans believed that all things participated in both the material level and the mystical level of reality, and many individual Quechuans claimed to have contact with it directly with an ichana (dream) experience. ? contact with it directly with ? direct contact with it by way of ? contact with the last directly through ? direct contact with the latter by means of ? contact directly with the mystical level due to Q5: GWD45 The passage states which of the following about Switzerland’s urbanized cantons? ? These cantons shared characteristics other than urbanization that may have contributed to their implementation of women’s suffrage. ? These cantons tended to be more politically divided than were rural cantons. ? These cantons shared with certain rural cantons characteristics such as similar linguistic backgrounds and strong leftist parties. ? The populations of these cantons shared similar views because urbanization furthered the diffusion of ideas among them. ? These cantons were parable to the most highly urbanized states in the United States in their stance toward the implementation of women’s suffrage. Ma n y s ch ola r s h a v e t h e or iz e d t h a t e con om ic d e v e lop m e n t , p a r t ic u la r ly in d u s t r ia li z a t ion a n d u r b a n iz a t ion , con t r ib u t e s t o t h e g r ow t h of p a r t ic ip a t or y d e m ocr a cy 。 the second is an objection that has been raised against a position defended in the ar