【正文】 the second stage of integrated logistics management phase, agricultural marketing, logistics management separate from, and to extend to the upstream producers of agricultural and food production process, emphasizing the production should be based on market demand and cost control throughout the supply chain。因此某種產(chǎn)品一旦出現(xiàn)問題，這些標識信息將能夠發(fā)揮很大的作用。三．食品供應(yīng)鏈跟蹤與食品質(zhì)量安全近年來，由于食品供應(yīng)鏈合作的重點由原來的保證供貨質(zhì)量逐步轉(zhuǎn)向加強食品和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量安全，如瘋牛病、口蹄疫和轉(zhuǎn)基因食品等的出現(xiàn)。由此可見，食品供應(yīng)鏈管理是在市場內(nèi)在動力和政府外在壓力的情況下促成的。了解國家環(huán)境可持續(xù)室內(nèi)設(shè)計是十分重要的，這項研究已經(jīng)為此作出一份貢獻。因此，提高對可持續(xù)室內(nèi)設(shè)計重要性以及室內(nèi)材料對整個生命周期影響的意識的教學(xué)方法對裝潢材料類本科生和在繼續(xù)教育課程的實踐者都是十分必要的。室內(nèi)材料具有十四項基于生命周期的特征，包括三項減少輸入、四項管理輸出和七項生命周期設(shè)計的特征。美國室內(nèi)設(shè)計所中大約65%的室內(nèi)設(shè)計師使用電子郵件。在室內(nèi)設(shè)計工程中，成本是做決定時另一重要的方面。s clothing stores and in entertainment spaces like Las Vegas , a more playful and less linear approach to narrative is increasingly all the typologies of the interior, the residence has been least affected by change, apart from ephemeral trends such as outdoor kitchens and palatial , the narrative of the residence dominates interior design at has bee the catalyst for rethinking a host of spaces once firmly isolated from it, ranging from the secretary39。 Casa da Musica(2005)in Porto, Portugal(with its inventive use of traditional Portuguese tiles), and Herzog amp。其設(shè)計過程可以被看作是一系列的步驟或階段順序，既有傳統(tǒng)的室內(nèi)設(shè)計方法，也包括利用規(guī)劃、原理圖設(shè)計、設(shè)計開發(fā)、合同文件和合同管理等可持續(xù)室內(nèi)設(shè)計，在設(shè)計完成之前，我們需要在各階段都花心思。美國室內(nèi)設(shè)計所是全球室內(nèi)設(shè)計師及室內(nèi)設(shè)計行業(yè)的領(lǐng)先專業(yè)機構(gòu)。室內(nèi)環(huán)境質(zhì)量報表包括九項特征，包括四項室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量特征和五項人類幸福特征。但是，如果顧客不要求或不熟悉這樣的方法，結(jié)果將會不同，顧客將會被鼓勵使用環(huán)境可持續(xù)室內(nèi)設(shè)計解決方案。在減少輸入方面，減少材料的使用是最常見的應(yīng)用特點；在管理輸出方面，減少和處置危險廢物是最常見的；在生命周期設(shè)計中，常見的是堅固耐用、本地材料。因此，企業(yè)有必要在生產(chǎn)過程的各個環(huán)節(jié)對產(chǎn)品進行檢驗和檢測并及時向消費者披露這些信息。與啞鈴型食品供應(yīng)鏈相比,它的鏈條較長,食品和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的銷售表現(xiàn)為間接性和增值服務(wù)性。隨著上游供應(yīng)商實力和優(yōu)勢的增強，加工中心的部分功能，如清洗、分類和深度加工等環(huán)節(jié)又向供應(yīng)商回流，使得加工中心的重點放在處理和不斷擴大的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品數(shù)量和種類業(yè)務(wù)上?；谑称饭?yīng)鏈的跟蹤能幫助企業(yè)縮短確認和清理有問題食品的時w 間，為此，國外許多企業(yè)將相關(guān)標識信息揭示在食品包裝上，以便利消費者的識別和認定。w Discussion on food supply chain management and food quality and safetySince the 1990s, supply chain management has bee the academic and business circles hot topic, especially in supply chain management successfully applied to IBM, P amp。the same in the United States Food and Drug Administration regulations in the United States and abroad engaged in food production, processing and packaging departments and related organizations in the December 12, 2003 to register the Food and Drug Administration for food safety tracking and tracing, on the allowed unregistered persons engaged in food production and , the food supply chain management is inherent in the market dynamics and the external pressure the government to promote the supply chain, production logistics system The formation of the food supply chain logistics system with the changing content of closely related, particularly in the food and agricultural production logistics system evolving situation, for people to create a highly efficient food supply chain management paradigm provides the to food and agricultural products logistics stage of development, typical of the food supply chain can be divided into dumbbellshaped, T, symmetric and mixed four ．dumbbell food supply type of food supply chain is a quasistrict supply is characterized by a shorter supply chain, connecting the main lot located at both ends of the transaction, while the middle of the main chain are few and fewer transactions, showing the dumbbell producers have poor technical conditions, production is low and less variety, it gathered a large number of upstream agricultural producers。在對食品跟蹤與追溯時，要求供應(yīng)鏈中的每一道加工環(huán)節(jié)，不僅要對自己所加工完成的產(chǎn)品進行標識，還要采集所需加工的食品原料上的已有標識信息，并將其全部信息標識在加工完成的產(chǎn)品上，以備下一道加工環(huán)節(jié)或消費者使用，從而有效地解決了供應(yīng)鏈各環(huán)節(jié)之間的聯(lián)系比較脆弱、實施跟蹤和追溯難度大的問題，也為企業(yè)減少因缺乏明確信息而將混在優(yōu)質(zhì)食品中的劣質(zhì)食品連同優(yōu)質(zhì)食品一同處理的可能性。而分析這些差異，他們又發(fā)現(xiàn)三種農(nóng)產(chǎn)品食品供應(yīng)鏈管理的共性，即存在三種驅(qū)動力。這些大型超市為了滿足市場對農(nóng)產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)一致性和供應(yīng)穩(wěn)定性的要求，對供應(yīng)商進行了嚴格的篩選。1996年,Zuurbier等學(xué)者在一般供應(yīng)鏈的基礎(chǔ)上，首次提出了食品供應(yīng)鏈概念，并認為食品供應(yīng)鏈管理是農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和食品生產(chǎn)銷售等組織,為了降低食品和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品物流成本、提高其質(zhì)量安全和物流服務(wù)水平而進行的垂直一體化運作模式。決定為什么室內(nèi)設(shè)計師有將環(huán)境特征運用到他們的設(shè)計世界的動機的原因?qū)苯哟龠M環(huán)境可持續(xù)發(fā)展的實踐。詳細說明循環(huán)利用的材料；詳細說明當?shù)刂圃斓牟牧?；詳細說明可快速再生的材料；詳細說明木質(zhì)材料，以便對森林管理負責(zé)；詳細說明持久、耐用的材料；詳細說明可重復(fù)使用、循環(huán)利用和生物降解的材料；詳細說明低生命周期影響的室內(nèi)材料。為了減低問卷的模糊率，初稿事先測試了20名室內(nèi)設(shè)計從業(yè)人員，并根據(jù)結(jié)果修改問卷，同時最后結(jié)果將事先的統(tǒng)計排除在外。室內(nèi)設(shè)計師在選擇材料是往往根據(jù)制造商的銷售資料而很少尋找相互矛盾的信息。s reading such as the acmodation of personal accessories in the work space, the use of color in hospitals, and the provision of couches in libraries are increasingly mon, to cite just three domestication of such environments(with curtains and wallpaper, among other residential elements)provides more fort, more reassurance, and more pleasure to domains formerly defined by institutional prohibitions and social , these changes in public and mercial spaces are indebted to the liberation movements of the late battles fought against barriers of race, class, gender, and physical ability laid the groundwork for a larger climate of hospitality and is also possible to detect a wholly other agenda in the popularity of the residential introduction of domestic amenities into mercial spaces, such as recreation spaces in office interiors, can also be construed as part of a wider attempt to put a more acceptable face on the workings of freemarket this view, interior design dons the mask of is nothing new about the interior is fundamentally a stage is it particularly insidious—as long as the conceit is surfaces，however, when illusion bees delusion—when design overpensates for the realities of illness with patronizing sentiment, or when offices bee surrogate apartments because of the relentless demands of a roundtheclock these instances, design relinquishes its potential to transform daily life in favor of what amounts to little more than a facile rebranding of force is driving the domestication of the interior and that is the enlarged public awareness of design and is a growing popular demand for design as amenity and status symbol, stimulated by the proliferation of shelter magazines, television shows devoted to home decorating, and the advertising campaigns of mercial entities such as Target and the Western world, prosperity, bined with the appetite of the media, has all but fetishized the interior, yielding yet another reflection of the narcissi