【正文】 His mother to e tonight，he is busy preparing the ,他正在忙著準(zhǔn)備飯菜。⑵ Judging from what he said, she must be an honest ，她一定很誠(chéng)實(shí)。（名詞＋副詞；表時(shí)間）Without a word more spoken, he picked up the ，他拾起那張紙。1）現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)judging from / by?, generally speaking, strictly speaking 2)不定式的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)to tell you the truth, to make things worse, to begin / start with 3)動(dòng)詞原形： Believe it or not(信不信由你)4)作連詞的分詞considering（考慮到，就?而言），providing / provided ?假如，supposing 假如 這些詞用來(lái)表示條件的連詞，后接that 從句。3)某些形容詞，如：careless等不定式后可以加of來(lái)引導(dǎo)出其邏輯主語(yǔ)。I would have you know that I am ill．我想要你知道我病了。(結(jié)果)The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf．這男孩個(gè)子不夠高，手伸不到書(shū)架。1）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作就是句子主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，它們之間的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。4)不定式修飾一些表示方向、原因、時(shí)間、機(jī)會(huì)、權(quán)利等抽象名詞如： ability能力，本領(lǐng) drive趕，駕駛 movement運(yùn)動(dòng)，活動(dòng) ambition抱負(fù)，野心 effort努力，嘗試 need需要，需求 campaign戰(zhàn)役，運(yùn)動(dòng) failure失敗，不及格 opportunity機(jī)會(huì) chance機(jī)會(huì) force力，壓力，要點(diǎn) promise許諾，希望 courage勇氣 intention意向，意圖 reason理由，原因 decision決定 method方法，方式 light光，光線，亮光determination決心，決定 motive動(dòng)機(jī)，目的 struggle奮斗，努力，tendency傾向，趨勢(shì) wish希望，愿望，祝愿5）被修飾的名詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或next，second, last, only和not a，the等限定詞時(shí)候，只能用不定式。I don39。動(dòng)名詞做表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或情況。Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。tappearthate39。試比較下面兩個(gè)例句:Ihadnideathatuerehere．（that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，不能省略）Haveugttheidea（that）thisbgivesuflifeinanientGreee？（that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略）That從句作主語(yǔ)通常用it作先行詞，而將that從句置于句末。表語(yǔ)從句在句中作表語(yǔ)的從句叫表語(yǔ)從句。Theanderrderedthattrpssetffatne司令員命令部隊(duì)馬上出發(fā)?！究季V要求】考綱明確要求考生在復(fù)習(xí)備考中應(yīng)該掌握名詞性從句的基本用法；一些易混引導(dǎo)詞的辨析；句子的語(yǔ)序、否定前移；名詞性從句和定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句的辨析等。s a pity that you should have to 。例如：The fact is that we have lost the 。She always thinks of how she can work 。例如：What he wants to tell us is not ，還不清楚?！窘谭ㄖ敢棵~性從句一直很受高考命題者的關(guān)注，分析近五年來(lái)的名詞性從句的考點(diǎn)，從出題者的角度，就是要考察名詞性從句中的語(yǔ)序以及引導(dǎo)詞之間的區(qū)別。地點(diǎn)或原因That有時(shí)可以代替關(guān)系副詞 when，where 或者why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間。3．注意先行詞的特殊性和關(guān)系代詞的選擇，依據(jù)先行詞來(lái)選擇“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)然不管從那個(gè)方面考查，只要弄清定語(yǔ)從句的有關(guān)概念就可以“以不變應(yīng)萬(wàn)變”。例如： This is the boy whom she has taken care of.（2）二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 關(guān)系副詞在從句中分別表示時(shí)間。例如：（1）As is expected，the England team won the football match.（2）The earth runs around the sun，as is known by , which的比較1).在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，均可替代整個(gè)主句或句中某個(gè)部分，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)．如從句在主句之后，兩者皆可用 They failed in the exam, as/which is seems a scientist, as/which in fact she is not a set of dead rules, which/as I have said ).如從句在主句之前，用as As we all know, his parents were killed in this is known to all, the earth travels around the ).如關(guān)系代詞代表主句全句意思，有“正如．．．”“就象．．．”之意時(shí)，用as We won the match, as we had agreed to the plan, as was to be ).當(dāng)先行項(xiàng)被the same, such, so修飾時(shí)，用as This is the same book as you bought (比較：This is thesame book that you bought )Don’t believe in such men as praise you to your never give my students so difficult a question as no one can work ).當(dāng)從句內(nèi)容對(duì)主句內(nèi)容起消極作用，則用which The young man cheated his friend out of much money, which was ).as 也可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，用來(lái)指待一件事，這時(shí)它的位置可以放在句首、句中和句尾。It is not important who will is still unknown which team will win the 主語(yǔ)從句作句子主語(yǔ)的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句。The mander ordered that troops(should)set off at 。表語(yǔ)從句在句中作表語(yǔ)的從句叫表語(yǔ)從句。試比較下面兩個(gè)例句: I had no idea that you were here．（that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，不能省略）Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略）That從句作主語(yǔ)通常用it作先行詞，而將that從句置于句末。t appear that we39。eustneverthinearegdineverthinghilethersaregdinnthing我們決不能認(rèn)為自己什么都好，別人什么都不好。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。Ihavenideahenheillebahe我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。Itdesn39。(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽這么多煙對(duì)你身體很不好。Our work is serving the people．我們的工作是為人民服務(wù)。例如： I should like to see him tomorrow．10)need, want, deserve +動(dòng)名詞表被動(dòng)意義；+不定式被動(dòng)態(tài)表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。3)不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的不定式做定語(yǔ)，要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~和被修飾的名詞形成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，這里的介詞不能省去。3）下列不及物動(dòng)詞也以過(guò)去分詞形式做定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，但不具有被動(dòng)意義，這點(diǎn)要注意： departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frownup, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, muchtraveled, newlyarrived, recentlye(3)不定式和分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的時(shí)間關(guān)系 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，不定式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后；現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。(時(shí)間)Reading carefully，you39。When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet.(3)不帶to的不定式1）在表示生理感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞后的不定式不帶to。例如： Tom insisted on my going with them．他堅(jiān)持要我和他們一起去。It is good Playing chess after supper．晚飯后弈棋挺好。（無(wú)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)；表伴隨）The old man sat in his chair, his eyes ，閉著眼睛。judging from。（lost 的邏輯主語(yǔ)是the key，lost 也可以用完成式having been lost）= Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to ．不定式“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”在“邏輯主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞不定式和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。（＝Because I shall check so many exercisebooks tonight ,I really can39。to be sure。但是，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換成狀語(yǔ)從句后，有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，與主句的主語(yǔ)不一致；而分詞短語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化為狀語(yǔ)從句后，從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)相同。二、功能：“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”實(shí)質(zhì)就是帶有自己主語(yǔ)的非限定狀語(yǔ)從句。It39。例如：Last night I did nothing but watch TV．昨天晚上，我除了看電視別的什么也沒(méi)有干。c：不定式做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)一般為句子的主語(yǔ)，否則用for引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)。2）過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作是句子主語(yǔ)承受的動(dòng)作，它們之間的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。7）如果其動(dòng)詞要求用不定式做賓語(yǔ)，或者其形容詞要求不定式做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，則相應(yīng)的名詞一般用不定式做定語(yǔ)。(未做但要做)You must try to be more careful．你可要多加小心。所以，凡表示“令人??的”都是ing形式，凡是表示“感到??”都用ed形式。It took me only five minutes to finish the ．不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別(1)不定式作表語(yǔ)1)不定式作表語(yǔ)一般表示具體動(dòng)作，特別是表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作?！究季V要求】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括不定式、動(dòng)詞ing形式和過(guò)去分詞三種形式。sapitthatushuldhavetleave你非走不可真是憾事。例如：Thefatisthatehavelstthegae事實(shí)是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場(chǎng)比賽。Shealasthinsfhsheanrell她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。其實(shí)，總的難度和變化都不大。t think I know 。That is why he didn’t e to the 。此外，whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時(shí)在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if： ；；；“ornot”時(shí)；。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been ，還沒(méi)有宣布。但是從考生的角度來(lái)說(shuō)，如果考生對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)掌握不過(guò)硬，對(duì)某些詞或詞組的用法不了解，就會(huì)容易造成和定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句的混淆，造成根本環(huán)節(jié)的誤判而用其他從句的規(guī)則去解題。關(guān)系副詞或that來(lái)引導(dǎo)。例如：There are about seven million people taking part in the election，most of whom、are well educated.（4）which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念?！窘谭ㄖ敢慷ㄕZ(yǔ)從句是高中英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的重要語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目之一，在高考各個(gè)題型中都有可能會(huì)涉及到。（7）如果作先作詞的集體名詞著眼于集體的整體，關(guān)系代詞用which；若是指集體中的各個(gè)成員，則用who.（8）先行詞有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物，：The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.（9）如果先行詞是anyone，anybody，everyone，everybody，someone，somebody，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用 who 或whom，： Is there anyone here who will go with you？ 3.“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”是一個(gè)普遍使用的結(jié)構(gòu)（1）“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。s nose is like a snake，as anybody can see.（3）the samethat與 the sameas在意思上是不同的。一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類： 連詞：that（無(wú)任何詞意）whe