【正文】 模塊是構(gòu)成軟件的基本構(gòu)件。（一些需求從用戶以外的途徑獲?。┫到y(tǒng)開發(fā)必須獨(dú)立完成，參考類似系統(tǒng)及技術(shù)文檔屬于抄襲行為，應(yīng)予避免。判定表。用戶手冊(cè)。除了知識(shí)背景的差異，缺少合適的交流方法及需求描述工具。軟件的特性，判斷正誤：、不可見的邏輯實(shí)體，因此，軟件是無法描述的。我理解，軟件工程是按照工程學(xué)的管理方式，有組織、有計(jì)劃的，在一定的質(zhì)量基礎(chǔ)、時(shí)間限度和成本范圍內(nèi)，實(shí)現(xiàn)功能明確的軟件系統(tǒng)。近年來，信息技術(shù)、軟件技術(shù)、軟件系統(tǒng)與軟件產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展備受關(guān)注，已有不少論述、分析與判斷。activity diagram。(2)by topdown, layer by layer deposition of the problem。ve learning method is used to only focus on the code, rather than on theoretical knowledge as well as programming ideas ,and the program39。module independence.● ● The basic software design experience: Module independence, low coupling, high cohesion, The difference between testing and debugging: Test is to find errors in the program and program public by locating and correcting errors, eliminate software failures, to ensure reliable operation of the program.● ● Types of tests: According to test whether the actual application environment to points, there are Test methods: Black box testing method, according to the program39。由于電子計(jì)算機(jī)功效的飛躍性發(fā)展，應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn)和生活的各個(gè)方面，直接和顯著地提高了生產(chǎn)、工作和生活的效率、節(jié)奏和水平，在軟科學(xué)研究和應(yīng)用中它也起著關(guān)鍵作用，因此它已被公認(rèn)是現(xiàn)代技巧的神經(jīng)中樞，是未來信息社會(huì)的心臟和錄魂。一種知識(shí)或?qū)W科，目標(biāo)是生產(chǎn)品質(zhì)良好、準(zhǔn)時(shí)交貨、符合預(yù)算，滿足用戶所需的軟件。中國的企業(yè)群體，數(shù)量龐大，但是質(zhì)量不高。軟件的開發(fā)環(huán)境往往就是軟件的運(yùn)行環(huán)境，或者與其兼容。軟件生存期：軟件的孕育，誕生，成長，成熟，衰亡的生存過程。軟件的體系結(jié)構(gòu)通常用模塊結(jié)構(gòu)圖來描述。按照三個(gè)成分即數(shù)據(jù)，過程和接口觀察問題的不同側(cè)面。完整性，正確性，合理性，可行性，充分性。1是盡量使用已有的構(gòu)件。加工規(guī)格說明。4，當(dāng)前系統(tǒng)的問題報(bào)告和改進(jìn)要求。問題分析圖(PAD)。軟件運(yùn)行維護(hù)時(shí)期的主要任務(wù)是使軟件持久地滿足用戶的需要，通常有4類維護(hù)活動(dòng)：改正性維護(hù)；適應(yīng)性維護(hù)；完善性維護(hù)；預(yù)防性維護(hù)。4，可復(fù)用軟件，最初實(shí)現(xiàn)的典型的可復(fù)用軟件是各種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)函數(shù)庫，通常是由計(jì)算機(jī)廠商提供的系統(tǒng)軟件的一部分。第三篇：軟件工程總結(jié) is a product and can be manufactured using the same technologies used for other engineering artifacts Answer: b are a mixture of print publishing and software development, making their development outside the realm of software engineering : b engineering umbrella activities are only applied during the initial phases of software development : b ahead for software reuse reduces the cost and increases the value of the systems into which they are : a essence of software engineering practice might be described as understand the problem, plan a solution, carry out the plan, and examine the result for : a agile process models the only deliverable work product is the working : b most software development projects are initiated to try to meet some business : a general software only succeeds if its behavior is consistent with the objectives of its : b processes can be constructed out of preexisting software patterns to best meet the needs of a software : a technology tools allow software organizations to press schedules by skipping unimportant : b is generally accepted that one cannot have weak software processes and create high quality end : a engineering is a generic process that does not vary from one software project to : a stakeholder is anyone who will purchase the pleted software system under : b is relatively mon for different customers to propose conflicting requirements, each arguing that his or her version is the right : a and customers create usecases to help the software team understand how different classes of endusers will use : a actors are always people, never system : b patterns facilitate the transformation of the analysis model into a design model by suggesting reliable solutions to mon : a winwin negotiation, the customer’s needs are met even though the developer’s need may not : b requirements validation the requirements model is reviewed to ensure its technical : b domain analysis is concerned with the identification and specification of reusable capabilities within an application : a structured analysis models focus on the structure of the classes defined for a system along with their : b and refinement of use cases if an important part of scenariobased : a is important to consider alternative actor interactions when creating a preliminary use : b is one technique that may be used to derive a plete set of use case : a many cases there is no need to create a graphical representation of a usage : a or more attributes of a data object must be defined as a key to allow the location of an instance of the data : a are chosen for an object by examining the problem statement and identifying the entities that appear to be : b analysis package involves the categorization of analysis model elements into useful : a data flow diagram must be augmented by minspec that can serve as a guide the design of the software ponent that will implement the : a UML sequence diagram show the order in which system events are : b patterns are discovered, they are not explicitly : a is not possible to justify the time required for WebApp requirements : b activity diagrams can be used to represent the user observable functionality delivered by the WebApp as well as the operations contained in each analysis : a analysis focuses on the architecture of the user’s web browsing : b objects are extracted from use cases by examining the scenario description for direct or indirect content : a thorough testing it is possible to remove all defects from a program prior to delivery to the : b flow graphs are identical to program : b cyclomatic plexity of a program can be puted directly from a PDL representation of an algorithm without drawing a program flow : a testing methods can only be used for objectoriented systems Answer: b testing divides the input domain into classes of data from which test cases can be derived to reduce the total number of test cases that must be : a value analysis can only be used to do whitebox : b array testing enables the test designer to maximize the coverage of the test cases devised for relatively small input : a : b best representation of system architecture is an operational software : b architectural representations can be an enabler for munication among project : a architectural description is often documented using an architecture : b architectural genre will often dictate the architectural approach that may used for the structure to be : a an architectural pattern can be chosen for use in a specific system it must have