【正文】 心理因素新生代農(nóng)民工大多是剛剛從學(xué)校畢業(yè)就直接進(jìn)入城市打工，既沒(méi)有吃苦耐勞的思想準(zhǔn)備，也沒(méi)有吃苦耐勞的能力和精神，過(guò)分追求較好的生活，勤儉節(jié)約的品格逐漸淡化。農(nóng)民工的基本社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)缺失。他們?cè)缭邕M(jìn)入社會(huì)，卻游走于城市和鄉(xiāng)村之間。an efficient, fast, timely and accurate labor market information network, timely and accurate reflection of supply and demand for workers to achieve provincial, city and county labor resources, information interoperability, through labor agencies, to achieve close contact with job seekers and the employer shall promote the orderly generation of migrant workers flow, reduce its employment costs。設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)收入較高,對(duì)新生代農(nóng)民工來(lái)說(shuō)具有一定的吸引力,為其就業(yè)提供了可能。其次,應(yīng)根據(jù)國(guó)家職業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和不同行業(yè)對(duì)從業(yè)人員基本技能和技術(shù)操作規(guī)程的要求安排培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容[6]。此外,由于新生代農(nóng)民工缺乏最基本的勞動(dòng)安全保護(hù),有些企業(yè)只顧眼前利益,為了降低生產(chǎn)成本,不給其必要的勞動(dòng)保護(hù)用品,也不對(duì)其進(jìn)行必要的安全培訓(xùn),導(dǎo)致其職業(yè)發(fā)病率和工傷事故發(fā)生率居高不下。1新生代農(nóng)民工就業(yè)面臨的問(wèn)題首先,物質(zhì)條件的匱乏使新生代農(nóng)民工只能居住在偏遠(yuǎn)的廠房或者廉價(jià)的出租房?jī)?nèi),從而在住所上和當(dāng)?shù)氐恼骄用窀綦x,無(wú)法參加正式的社交活動(dòng),這種地理隔離對(duì)新生代農(nóng)民工有心理和現(xiàn)實(shí)的雙重影響,加劇了其心理上作為“外來(lái)人”的感覺(jué),現(xiàn)實(shí)中則限制其獲得當(dāng)?shù)刂R(shí)和聯(lián)系的機(jī)會(huì),阻礙其在當(dāng)?shù)卦@得認(rèn)同。為新生代農(nóng)民工提供經(jīng)濟(jì)適用房及廉租房是很多地方政府正在探索實(shí)施的政策,這一政策的實(shí)施有利于家庭的團(tuán)聚,有利于維持家庭的穩(wěn)定,并為新生代農(nóng)民工的生活及其子女教育等提供了基本的保證,有利于其融入城市。例如,在蘇州的新生代農(nóng)民工一般工作時(shí)間都較長(zhǎng),每天工作9~10 %,11~12 %。就業(yè)問(wèn)題新生代農(nóng)民工主要是指80、90后農(nóng)民工,以“三高一低”為特征,即受 教育 程度高,職業(yè)期望值高,物質(zhì)和精神享受要求高,工作耐受力低[1]。目前,農(nóng)民工組織主要是通過(guò)“同鄉(xiāng)會(huì)”的形式進(jìn)行,當(dāng)與用人單位發(fā)生矛盾時(shí),往往采取“過(guò)激”的行為,容易產(chǎn)生社會(huì)治安問(wèn)題。2010年中央一號(hào)文件強(qiáng)調(diào)要采取有效措施推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)化,讓符合條件的農(nóng)民工進(jìn)城。但是,目前政府針對(duì)新生代農(nóng)民工專門設(shè)置的職業(yè)介紹體系相對(duì)缺乏,缺少關(guān)注與引導(dǎo),信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)不健全,用工信息發(fā)布不及時(shí),缺乏調(diào)控。第一篇：新生代農(nóng)民工就業(yè)問(wèn)題研究新生代農(nóng)民工就業(yè)問(wèn)題研究一、摘要在分析目前新生代農(nóng)民工所面臨的就業(yè)問(wèn)題的基礎(chǔ)上,就如何改善其中的就業(yè)機(jī)制進(jìn)行探索,以為新生代農(nóng)民工就業(yè)問(wèn)題的解決提供參考。新生代農(nóng)民工集中反映的問(wèn)題就是公辦勞動(dòng)服務(wù)中心工作人員的服務(wù)態(tài)度差、辦事效率低。中共廣東省委、省政府將在全省推介的中山市流動(dòng)人口“積分制”管理辦法,不以戶口為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),從而將教育、就業(yè)、社保、醫(yī)療等公共服務(wù)與戶口脫鉤,是引導(dǎo)進(jìn)城農(nóng)民工“軟著陸”的科學(xué)機(jī)制,值得各地方政府學(xué)習(xí)。因此,建議政府在農(nóng)民工集中的區(qū)域建立聯(lián)合工會(huì)。新生代農(nóng)民工不同于以往的農(nóng)民工,具有更加明顯的特點(diǎn),如更加注重個(gè)人享受,更加注重個(gè)人價(jià)值的實(shí)現(xiàn)以及社會(huì)的認(rèn)同,更加向往城市生活。收入低是導(dǎo)致農(nóng)民工文化生活匱乏的另一個(gè)重要因素[3]。2009年11月23日,河南省十一屆人大常委會(huì)第十二次會(huì)議審議的《關(guān)于修改〈河南省實(shí)施土地管理法辦法〉的決定(草案)》提出,今后退回宅基地到城鎮(zhèn)居住并符合住房保障條件的農(nóng)民工,可以在居住地申請(qǐng)廉租住房或者購(gòu)買經(jīng)濟(jì)適用房。其次,新生代農(nóng)民工有強(qiáng)烈的愿望參與當(dāng)?shù)氐恼位顒?dòng),卻無(wú)法得到滿足,政府往往對(duì)此持漠視態(tài)度,甚至有的政策還在加深這種差距。大部分農(nóng)民工選擇城市就業(yè),不愿意回到家鄉(xiāng)從事耕種活動(dòng)。要指導(dǎo)農(nóng)民工根據(jù)自己的優(yōu)勢(shì),結(jié)合市場(chǎng)需求,選擇適合自己的職業(yè)工種進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)。設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)不僅效益高,而且能夠安置大量的勞動(dòng)力,提高農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)效率,可以提高農(nóng)業(yè)就業(yè)的潛力。full advantage of the network, and local governments to establish and improve the promotion of interregional transfer of youth labor between the longterm cooperation mechanism to strengthen the labor and social security, education and other sectors of cooperation, and strive to balance supply and demand in the labor force, good human resources shared with the docking, the development of human resources and employment needs of docking the market, as well as training and recruitment network market for talent, build green channel organizations to strengthen The new generation of workers are not protected as an important reason why individuals are too dispersed, the lack of effective munication with the employer and the bargaining power, lack of power from the present, migrant workers organizations, mainly through the “Association” forms, when in contradiction with the employer, they often adopt a “radical” behavior, prone to problems of social , suggests that the Government focus on migrant workers in the region to establish a joint trade new generation of migrant workers to enjoy more the pursuit of freedom and selfIn the case can not be guaranteed the right to easily change jobs, more mobility, research found that the 1st job as much as 40% turnover rate, the 1st 3 months of work the general to , the government should be organized generation of migrant workers to join unions, to assist its strength and employers through collective negotiations, changing their position in the rights of the support the new generation of migrant workers return home business or employment in agriCulture Problems in the generation of migrant workers on the one hand, county and township governments should play a role in the development series of preferential policies to attract the Back to as tax relief to farmers, development of rural credit operations, and actively develop rural banks, mutual funds, rural financial the other hand, county and township government should encourage the development of agriculture, which led the new generation of migrant workers to have a certain agricultural techniques, the use of certain construction equipment to overe the natural form of climate impact on agricultural production, the growingseason(aquaculture).Facilities higher farm ines, the new generation of migrant workers have a certain appeal for its employment agriCulture is not only effective, but also placed a lot of labor and improve labor efficiency in rural areas, can improve agricultural employment focus on the development of Henan Province poultry, such as processing, food processing and food additives manufacturing, nearly ten thousand people to address local employment in rural areas, mostly rural migrant workers return home entering employment, which greatly improved the ine level of farmers and employment environment, to a certain extent, promote rural economic References [1] Zhao Fang.“New Generation”, a concept difficult to defineGreen unitary Village in Hunan [J].Sociological Research, 2003(6):7183.[2] rural migrants integration of social identity and the relationship between urban and rural areas [J].Sociological Research, 2001(3):6376.[3] new generation of rural migrants desire for basic civil rights [J].Democracy and science, 2000(1):1820.[4] bears from the Transformation of migrant workers in China [M].Xi39。 新生代農(nóng)民工就業(yè)現(xiàn)狀新生代農(nóng)民工占外出農(nóng)民工總數(shù)的60% 以上。由于城市化進(jìn)程的加快，房?jī)r(jià)漲幅過(guò)大，在很大程度上已超出了目前新生代農(nóng)民工的承受力，使得大多數(shù)新生代無(wú)法安家于城市，這無(wú)疑對(duì)他們?cè)诔鞘虚L(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定的工作造成了極大的阻礙；勞動(dòng)安全衛(wèi)生條件差使農(nóng)民工健康生命受到嚴(yán)重威脅與傷害； 農(nóng)民工享受的勞動(dòng)福利待遇較少；女職工和未成年工的特殊保護(hù)沒(méi)有完全落實(shí) ；農(nóng)民工在職受訓(xùn)機(jī)會(huì)少及職業(yè)素質(zhì)提高難 ；用人單位勞動(dòng)規(guī)章制度不規(guī)范 ；勞動(dòng)執(zhí)法和勞動(dòng)仲裁保護(hù)農(nóng)民工合法權(quán)利的力度不足；工會(huì)在維護(hù)農(nóng)民工勞動(dòng)權(quán)利方面未發(fā)揮應(yīng)有作用。缺乏敬業(yè)精神，而且存在心理自卑感。擁有勞動(dòng)力所有權(quán)的勞動(dòng)者根據(jù)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)價(jià)格自主競(jìng)爭(zhēng)就業(yè)，擁有經(jīng)營(yíng)自主權(quán)的用人單位根據(jù)實(shí)際需要選擇用人，在市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)下，新生代農(nóng)民工由于自身素質(zhì)和一些企業(yè)和社會(huì)歧視現(xiàn)象的存在，而面臨更大的就業(yè)壓力。由消極維權(quán)向積極維權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)變。許多80，90后新生代農(nóng)民工，受教育程度較高，職業(yè)期望值高，物質(zhì)和精神享受要求高，工作耐受力低。final should be to achieve stable employment skills training objectives, training and employment will be closely integrated over free identification and employment skills training in 2009 in Henan Province has just launched the Hundred Days Sunshine Project, rural labor transfer training programs, plans 5 100 d before the end, the