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畢業(yè)設(shè)計基于stc89c51單片機(jī)非接觸式紅外測溫儀設(shè)計(專業(yè)版)

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【正文】 Series Resonant, which can be modeled as a high Q series LC circuit, and Parallel Resonant, which can be modeled as a high Q parallel LC circuit. The series resonant crystal has minimum impedance at the resonating frequency, while the parallel resonant crystal has maximum impedance at the resonating frequency. Crystal Oscillators A Crystal Oscillator is an oscillator with the crystal as the feedback element. There are other kinds of oscillators with active or passive feedback ponents, but the crystal oscillator provides the most accurate and stable output frequency. Crystal oscillators are the preferred clock source in most highopeed digital systems requiring clocks. Compensated Oscillators The output frequency of a crystal oscillator varies with temperature and voltage. Applications that require a highly stable clock usually use pensated oscillators. Compensated Oscillators try to adjust the variation in frequency due to temperature and voltage. Temperature Compensating Oscillators (TCXO) contain circuitry that pensates for temperature changes, and hence bat frequency variations. Oven Comrolled Oscillators encase their crystals in a temperaturecontrolled oven, and so maintain a precise operating temperature at the ceystal. Double Oven Oscillators contain two ovens, with the crystal encased in the inner oven, and the temperature control circuitry and the inner oven encased in the outer oven. Such oscillators provide even better temperature stability the Oven Controlled Oscillators. Obviously, as the frequency stability improves, the cost of the oscillator increases. Voltage Controlled Oscillator 32 The output of Voltage Controlled Oscillators (VCO) is controlled by a voltage control input pin. Variation between control voltage and frequency is usually nonlinear over the entire frequency range but is linear within subset ranges. Frequency Synthesizers Frequency Synthesizers use one or more PhaseLocked Loops (PLL) to generate one to many different frequencies on their outputs, from one or more reference sources. The reference frequency is usually generated by a crystal attached to the synthesizer. The design goal of frequency synthesizers is to replace multiple oscillators in a system, and hence reduce board space and cost. Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a Phase Locked Loop (PLL). “ Q ”C o u n t e rP h a s e /F r e q u e n c yD e t e c t o rC h a r g eP u m p“ N ”P o s tD i v i d e rL o o pF i l t e rV C O“ P ”C o u n t e rF r e f / QF v c o / PU pD nI c t r l V c t r l F v c o F v c o / NF o u tv c or e fP L L C o u n t r o l S e c t i o n Figure 1 Block Diagram of a Phase Locked Loop A PLL has two inputs, a reference input and a feedback input. A PLL corrects frequency in two ways. The first , frequency correction, corrects large differences in frequency between the reference input and the feedback input. Frequency correctint is akin to “rough” tunint and occurs when Fvco is less than or greater than 2 Fref. Phase correction is the “fine” tuning and occurs when Fvco Fref2 Fvco. The Phase/Frequency Detector detects differences in phase and frequency beween the reference and feedback inputs and generates pensating “Up” and “Down” signals depending on whether the feedback frequency is lagging or leading the reference frequency respectively. These control signals are then passed through a charge pump and a loop filter to generate a conrrol voltage, which controls a VCO. The frequency of this oscillator is dependent on the Vctrl input. At steady state, the VCO frequency is: 33 Fvco= Fref 老化 老化被定義為內(nèi)部晶體或振蕩器隨時間變化而引起的頻率上的系統(tǒng)變化。 容性負(fù)載:導(dǎo)線容性負(fù)載的不同會導(dǎo)致負(fù)載端時鐘上升時間的不同。對于其他應(yīng)用 ,這個數(shù)字可能不同。輸入波形通過該器件并被輸出緩沖器重新驅(qū)動。振蕩器的頻率取決于控制電壓信號。恒溫控制振蕩器將晶體放置在一個溫控恒溫箱中,這樣保持晶體工作在一個精確的溫度下。 24 參考文獻(xiàn) [1] 宋文 、 楊帆.傳感器與檢測技術(shù) . 北京:高等教育出版社, 2021 [2] 華成英、童詩白 .模擬電子技術(shù)基礎(chǔ) .第三版 .高等教育出版社, [3] 閻石 .數(shù)字電子技術(shù)基礎(chǔ) .第四版 .高等教育出版社, [4] 莫力 .Protel 電路設(shè)計 .國防工業(yè)出版社, [5] 姚四改 .Protel99SE 電子線路設(shè) 計教程 .上海交通大學(xué)出版社, [6] 李建忠 .單片機(jī)原理及應(yīng)用 .西安電子科技大學(xué)出版社, [7] 蔡惟錚 .常用電子元器件手冊 . 哈爾濱 :哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社 ,1998 [8] 王武江 、 陳樹凱.常用集成電路速查手冊 .北京 :冶金工業(yè)出版社 ,2021 [9] 張俊謨.單片機(jī)中級教程.北京:北京航空航天大學(xué)出版社, 1999 [10] 胡漢才.單片機(jī)原理及系統(tǒng)設(shè)計.北京 :清華大學(xué)出版社 ,2021。 167。并等待結(jié)束測溫命令。 74HC164 為 8 位移位寄存器,當(dāng)清除端( CLEAR)為低電平時,輸出端( QA- QH)均為低電平。加上雙絞線上的分布電容,其傳送距離最大約為 15 米,最高速度為 20Kb/s。其相關(guān)資料如下: 一 、 紅外測溫傳感器的引腳介紹 紅 外 測 溫 元 件HJSENSORVDCGA 圖 24 紅外測溫傳感器引腳圖 紅外測溫傳感器引腳圖如圖 24,其中 V為電源引腳 VCC, VCC 一般為 3V到 5V 之間的電壓,一般取 ; D 為數(shù)據(jù)接收引腳,沒有數(shù)據(jù)接收時 D 為高電平; C 為 2KHz Clock 輸出引腳; G 為接地引腳; A 為測溫啟動信號引腳,低電平有效。因此它的選擇是非常重要的。 10%; 4:工作環(huán)境溫度≤ 60℃ 工作環(huán)境濕度≤ 90%; 二 、紅外測溫儀的硬件系統(tǒng)方案設(shè)計 本紅外測溫儀采用模塊化的設(shè)計思想,它的硬件結(jié)構(gòu) 由 STC89C51 單片機(jī)模塊,紅外測溫模塊, RS232 轉(zhuǎn)換電路模塊,電源模塊,鍵盤模塊和 LED 顯示模塊組成。這表明隨著溫度的升高,黑體輻射中的短波長輻射所占比例增加; ③ 隨著溫度的升高,黑體輻射曲線全面提高,即在任一指定波長處,與較高溫度相應(yīng)的光譜輻射度也較大,反之 亦然。 溫度測量技術(shù)的概述 普通溫度測量技術(shù)經(jīng)過相當(dāng)長時間的發(fā)展已近于成熟。 LED 顯示模塊 ................................... 14 第三章 紅外測溫系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計 .......................... 17 167。 紅外測溫儀是以黑體輻射定律作為理論基礎(chǔ),是光學(xué)理論和微電子學(xué)綜合發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物。 紅外測溫原理及方法 .............................. 3 167。 本論文的第一章簡要地介紹了現(xiàn)代測溫技術(shù)的發(fā)展背景、紅外輻射測溫原理以及本測溫儀的總體設(shè)計方案;第二章系統(tǒng)地介紹了紅外測溫儀的硬件設(shè)計及其各硬件模塊的功能與原理圖;第三章則概述性的介紹了本紅外測溫儀的軟件設(shè)計,以流程圖的方式介紹了各個功能的具體實(shí)現(xiàn)。 3 熱電紅外溫度傳感器是利用紅外輻射的熱效應(yīng),通過溫差電效應(yīng)、熱釋電效應(yīng)和熱敏電阻等來測量所吸收的紅外輻射,間接地測量輻 射紅外光物體的溫度。 紅外測溫系統(tǒng)的方案介紹 紅外測溫技術(shù)在生產(chǎn)過程中,在產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量控制和監(jiān)測,設(shè)備在線故障診斷和安全保護(hù)以及節(jié)約能源等方面發(fā)揮了著重要作用。通過劃分模塊的方法,可以把一個復(fù)雜的問題分割成幾個相對容易解決的問題,分別予以解決,大大簡化了設(shè)計的難度。 紅外測溫模塊 此紅外測溫模塊采用非接觸手段,解決了傳統(tǒng)測溫中需要接觸的問題,具有回應(yīng)速度快,測量精度高,測量范圍廣等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 RS232C 是串行數(shù)據(jù)接口標(biāo)準(zhǔn),它規(guī)定了連接電纜和機(jī)械、電氣特性、信號功能及傳送過程。其工作原理為: 單片機(jī)通過運(yùn)行程序不斷掃描鍵盤,檢查是否有鍵按下,當(dāng)掃描到有鍵按下時。 17 第三章 紅外測溫系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計 本紅外測溫系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計采用模塊化的設(shè)計思想,這樣就把一個復(fù)雜的軟件設(shè)計分成幾個相對簡單的部分分別予以解決。 鍵盤掃描程序模塊 鍵盤是單片機(jī)應(yīng)用中不可缺少的一部分。 通過對硬件電路的設(shè)計我對 Protel 軟件的使用更加熟練,而通過運(yùn)用
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