【正文】 編號 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（ 論文 ） 題目： 太陽能熱水器控制器 的軟硬件設(shè)計 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)工程 學(xué)院 電子信息工程 專業(yè) 學(xué) 號 0703090325 學(xué)生姓名 于昆才 指導(dǎo)教師 于鳳芹 教授 二〇一三 年 六 月 設(shè)計總說明 I 設(shè)計總說明 在全世界能源都高度緊張的今天，傳統(tǒng)的燃?xì)夂碗姛崴魇褂贸杀驹絹碓礁撸柲軣崴鲬{借著太陽能取之不盡的優(yōu)點越來越受到人們的歡迎．但與太陽能熱水器發(fā)展日趨成熟的現(xiàn)狀不同，與之配套的熱水器控制器還存在著很多問題．有些熱水器控制器無法自動控制水溫和水位，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)干燒、過燒或水溫不適等情況．針對這個現(xiàn)狀，設(shè)計一種單片機控制的太陽能熱水器控制器．該控制器可以讓熱水器功能更加的完善，也使得熱水器使用更加安全，因此這是一個具有實用價值的課題． 本課題以單片機控制為基礎(chǔ) ，提出了一種通過傳感器實時檢測溫度和水位，再由單片機控制繼電器驅(qū)動相應(yīng)控制模塊來實現(xiàn)溫度和水位智能控制的系統(tǒng)方案，核心是設(shè)計出一個太陽能熱水器控制器．該控制器在太陽能熱水器原有的溫度和水位顯示功能基礎(chǔ)上，新增了溫度控制、水位控制、防干燒和過燒警報等功能．控制器的設(shè)計又分硬件部分和軟件部分．硬件部分由 STC89C52 單片機主控模塊、 DS18B20 溫度傳感器測溫模塊、干簧管水位傳感器測水位模塊、繼電器驅(qū)動的溫控和水位控制模塊、鍵盤輸入和液晶顯示模塊等部分組成．軟件部分由單片機主控，通過程序分析傳感器檢測的當(dāng)前溫 度和水位，再通過與預(yù)設(shè)值的比較來發(fā)出信號驅(qū)動相應(yīng)的控制模塊，實現(xiàn)對溫度和水位的自動控制．此外本設(shè)計的程序也采用模塊化結(jié)構(gòu)，將整個程序設(shè)計分成若干功能模塊．先將每個模塊的功能實現(xiàn)，然后再組合到一起，使其邏輯關(guān)系更清晰易讀，而且增強了程序的可移植性． 關(guān)鍵詞： 熱水器控制器；單片機；軟件設(shè)計；硬件設(shè)計 DESIGN SUMMARY II DESIGN SUMMARY Today the world39。s energy are highly strained,Traditional gas and electric water heaters use increasingly higher the advantages of inexhaustible solar energy,the solar water heaters are more and more ,different from the rapid development of solar water heaters, the research of water heater controller has been in infancy. Many water heater controller can not automatically control the temperature or water level , cause the dryburning,overburning or making the temperature of the water this situation, design a microprocessor controlled solar water heater controller not only make the heater’s function more perfect,but also make it more ,it is a valuable issue. The object is based on micro controller,proposed a system solution which make the sensor detect the temperature and water level at realtime,and MCU control the relays to make it drive the corresponding module． The core is to design a solar water heater not only has the function of temperature and water level display,but also has temperature control,water level control and alarming the dryburning or overburning. The design of the controller is divided into hardware ponents and software ponents. The hardware part is consist of STC89C52 MCU control module,DS18B20 temperature sensor temperature measurement module, water level measure module,temperature and water level control module,keyboard input and LCD display software part is dispatched by MCU. Through program analyzes the current temperature and water level detected by sensor, to achieve the automatic control of temperature and water addition ,the program is also designed with modular structure,the whole program design is divided into several functional modules. Realizing the function of each module first, and then group them it with the clear and understandable structure,but also enhancing the portability of programs. Keywords: water heater controller。 MCU。 software design； hardware design 目錄 i 目 錄 第 1 章 緒論 ...................................................................................................................................... 1 課題背景 ......................................................................... 1 太陽能熱水器控制器國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀 ..................................................... 1 本論文研究內(nèi)容 ................................................................... 2 第 2 章 需求分析及總體設(shè)計 ............................................................................................................. 5 需求分析 ......................................................................... 5 總體設(shè)計方案 ..................................................................... 5 芯片選擇方案論證 ................................................................. 6 單片機芯片的選擇方案和論證 ................................................... 6 溫度傳感器的選擇方案和論證 ................................................... 6 水位傳感器的選擇方案和論證 ................................................... 6 太陽能熱水器的組成及工作原理簡介 ................................................. 7 第 3 章 硬件電路設(shè)計 ........................................................................................................................ 9 總述 ............................................................................. 9 溫度傳感器模塊設(shè)計 .............................................................. 10 DS18B20 簡介 ................................................................ 10 DS18B20 工作原理 ............................................................ 10 水位傳感器模塊設(shè)計 .............................................................. 11 LCD 顯示模塊設(shè)計 ................................................................. 12 1602 液晶顯示器工作原理 ..................................................... 12 顯示模塊電路連接 ............................................................ 14 溫度控制模塊設(shè)計 ................................................................ 15 繼電器驅(qū)動電路 .............................................................. 15 繼電器驅(qū)動溫控模塊 .......................................................... 15 水位控制模塊設(shè)計 ................................................................ 16 電磁閥簡介 .................................................................. 16 水位控制模塊 ................................................................ 16 電源模塊設(shè)計 .................................................................... 17 按鍵模塊設(shè)計 .................................................................... 17 報警模塊設(shè)計 .................................................................... 17 單片機輔助電路 ................................................................. 18 時鐘電路 ................................................................... 18 復(fù)位電路 ................................................................... 18 第 4 章 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計 .......................................................................................................................19 目錄 ii 主程序流