【正文】 – Avoid similar label mix 。 28 3. Equipment Cleaning設(shè)備清潔 ? Equipment flushing設(shè)備沖洗 (wet or dry . Sugar濕洗或干洗，如糖類 ): – Define a validated flushing procedure to avoid carryover. 制定有效的沖洗程序，防止遺留物。 – Develop a product sequencing/cleaning matrix. 指定產(chǎn)品排序 /清潔基質(zhì)。 24 2. Segregation隔離 ? Rework handling再加工處理 : – Rework/holdover containers must be clearly labelled (. type and date) and /盛裝容器必須清晰標(biāo)注標(biāo)簽（如，類型及時(shí)間）并加以隔離。 – Avoid crosscontamination from other lines or other production areas.避免來自其它生產(chǎn)線或其它生產(chǎn)區(qū)域的交叉感染。 ? Manufacturing:生產(chǎn) – Wants efficient changeovers between products with minimum 。s milk牛奶 – Peanut 花生 – Soybean 大豆 – Sulphites 亞硫酸鹽 – Wheat 小麥 – Seeds 種子 – Seafood海鮮 – Tree nuts – 樹木堅(jiān)果 Cottonseed棉籽 poppy seeds罌粟子 sesame seeds芝麻籽 sunflower seeds葵花子 Crustacean甲殼類 Fish魚類 almond 杏仁 brazil nut巴西木堅(jiān)果 cashew 賈如樹堅(jiān)果 chestnut 栗子 hazelnut 榛子 macadamia nut pine nuts 松子 pistachio 阿月渾子的果實(shí) pecan美洲山核桃 walnut核桃 *Some exemptions are included in the list Example一些例外在 實(shí)例 表中列出 10 Food Allergens stability食品過敏源穩(wěn)定性 ? Resistance to the digestive tract:抗消化系統(tǒng)能力 – Most food allergens are resistant to enzymes, acids and bile salts present in the stomach. 大部分過敏源對胃中的酶、酸和膽汁鹽具有抵抗力。通常發(fā)展為系列反應(yīng)，甚至導(dǎo)致死亡。 ? Respiratory呼吸反應(yīng) : runny nose, difficulty breathing, constriction of 、呼吸困難、喉嚨堵塞。 – Milk retains its allergenicity through condensation, evaporation, and 、蒸發(fā)和烘干后仍保留過敏性。 , welldocumented cleaning and inspection procedures to prevent allergen crosscontact or carryover. 全面、詳細(xì)記錄清潔及檢查程序，以防止過敏源交叉接觸或產(chǎn)生遺留物。 ? Identify all shared equipment and product changeovers. 識(shí)別所有的共用設(shè)備和產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)換。 – Make the packaging material visually 、易識(shí)別。 ? Quick release fasteners should be used for removable 須使用快速開啟裝置。 – Allergens should be labelled so to avoid misinterpretation過敏源必須加注標(biāo)簽，防止產(chǎn)生曲解 : ? Marketing ensures that the label municates all allergens營銷部分保證標(biāo)簽清楚傳達(dá)了所有的過敏源 – Sources of ingredients should be declared必須標(biāo)明原料來源 : ? Lecithin can be labelled “soy lecithin”卵磷脂可標(biāo)注為“大豆卵磷脂” ? Flavours can be labelled “natural flavour (contain milk)”調(diào)味品可標(biāo)注為“天然調(diào)味品（含牛奶）” – Processing aids must labelled if their presence in the finished product is enough to elicit allergenic reactions如加工輔料在制成品中的含量足以引起過敏反應(yīng)，則必須加注標(biāo)簽 : ? Declare processing aids that are likely to be present in the finish 。 ? To have appropriate recall systems for products containing undeclared ，收回含有不明過敏源的產(chǎn)品。 ? The equipment cleaning/flushing procedure must be validated to demonstrate that it removes visible product residues from all product contact 潔 /沖洗程序必須十分 有效 ，可以從所有接觸產(chǎn)品表面清除可見的產(chǎn)品殘?jiān)? 27 3. Equipment Cleaning設(shè)備清潔 ? Redesign or reconfigure equipment to make cleaning and inspection easier重新設(shè)計(jì)設(shè)備，便利清潔及檢測工作 : ? Easily opened and ，易于檢測。無論何時(shí)加入新原料后，必須對再加工 /產(chǎn)品基質(zhì)進(jìn)行檢查。 ? Traffic patterns of people, ingredients and finished 、原料和成品。 15 Allergen management program過敏源管理計(jì)劃 Based on a hierarchy of controls:基于控制等級(jí)： Avoid the introduction of an allergen into a facility that did not already contain the 引入 到不含過敏源的設(shè)備中去。 – Peanut and egg allergens remain stable when heated or boiled at 100 176。 ? Allergic individuals react to trace levels of the offending 體對所引發(fā)過敏源痕跡有反應(yīng)。很少危及生命。 ? Resistance to proteolysis, hydrolysis and digestion:抗水解蛋白質(zhì)、水解和消化 – Food allergens are resistant to proteolysis and digestion (. codfish, egg white).食品過敏源對水解蛋白質(zhì)和消化有抵抗力（如鱈魚、蛋白）。 ? Marketing:市場營銷 – Wants the broadest market possible for new improved 開發(fā)產(chǎn)品提供盡可能廣闊的市場。 – Contract/Specification /規(guī)格審核。 – Rework usage will be clearly documented to assure 必須清晰記錄在案，以便進(jìn)行追蹤工作。 – Corrective action: Repeat cleaning when product residues are ：如有產(chǎn)品殘?jiān)?，再次進(jìn)行清潔。 – Develop a product sequencing/flushing matrix. 制定產(chǎn)品排序 /沖洗基質(zhì)。 The threshold is該臨界值為 10ppm = 10mg/100g 32 5. Thresholds for Allergen Labelling過敏源臨界值加注標(biāo)簽 – This Threshold applies to Finished Products as sold to the