【正文】 CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT 信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理 1 CREDIT CULTURE 信貸文化 ? Risk averse given Bank’s high gearing and thin margin ? 傾向低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，由于銀行高負(fù)債和低利息差 ? Proper goals and measures with controls ? 適當(dāng)?shù)哪繕?biāo)和措施及控制 ? The Line takes primary (or joint) responsibility of the credit decisions ? 前線部門對(duì)貸款決定負(fù)主要（或共同）責(zé)任 ? Burden of proof on the Line ? 證明應(yīng)貸款責(zé)任在于前線部門 ? Never feel embarrassed to ask “dumb” questions ? 不用擔(dān)心問(wèn)“愚笨”的問(wèn)題 2 CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT 信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理 Prerequisite:先決條件 ? Senior management’s support (positive intervention?) ? 高層管理的支持（積極干預(yù)？） ? People (technical capability, integrity and interpersonal skills) ? 人員（技術(shù)能力、人格和人際交往能力） ? Organization and System ? 組織及系統(tǒng) Attribute:特征 ? Independent 獨(dú)立性 ? No bottomline responsibility 沒(méi)有盈利責(zé)任 ? Professional 專業(yè)性 ? Firm and fair 堅(jiān)定和公正 3 STRUCTURE AND APPROVAL PROCESS結(jié)構(gòu)和認(rèn)證程序 Board of Directors 董事會(huì) 行政總裁（總部） GHQ CEO APH CEO 行政總裁（亞太區(qū)） AMH GM總經(jīng)理 （香港及中國(guó)大陸） Line前線部門 信貸總經(jīng)理 GM Credit CCO首席信貸官 HD Credit 信貸部門主管 Concurrence 認(rèn)同 Approval 審批 Approval 審批 Approval審批 Country Risk/Bank Risk 國(guó)家風(fēng)險(xiǎn) /銀行風(fēng)險(xiǎn) Market Risk/Credit Risk 市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn) /信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn) Market Risk/Credit Risk 市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn) /信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn) Credit 信用 4 ALTERNATIVES選擇 ? Centralized vs Decentralized集權(quán) /分權(quán) ? Individual vs Committee (position and decision making process)個(gè)人 /委員會(huì)（債務(wù)組成及決策過(guò)程） Factors to consider: 需要考慮的因素 ? Individual / Collective Decision / Responsibility ? 個(gè)人 /集體決策 /責(zé)任 ? Senior management’s trust 高層管理的信任 ? Quality of staff (at ce