【正文】 來自 . 中國最大的資料庫下載 eCommerce IT in Aviation 電子商務 民航信息化 新聞回放 成為 具有國際知名度的航空公司 簡化商務 電子客票 自助登機 二維條碼 無線射頻識別 電子貨運 國際航空運輸協(xié)會“簡化商務”目標 中國 BSP將于今年 10月 16日停發(fā)紙質(zhì)機票。 電子商務是航空業(yè)的救命稻草！ 電子商務是航空業(yè)的救命稻草？ 電子商務 = （ eCommerce + eBusiness) 同業(yè)競爭者 替代產(chǎn)品和服務 行業(yè)壁壘 上游供應商 議價能力 消費者和分銷渠道 的議價能力 a. By making the overall industry more efficient, the inter can expand the size of the market. b. The proliferation of inter approaches creates new substitution threats. a. Eliminates powerful channels or improves bargaining power over traditional channels. b. Shifts bargaining power to end consumers. c. Reduces switching costs. a. Reduces differences among petitors as offerings are difficult to keep proprietary. b. Migrates petition to price. c. Widens the geographic market, increasing the number of petitors d. Lowers variable cost relative to fixed cost, increasing pressures for price discounting. a. Reduces barriers to entry as the need for a sales force, access to channels, and physical assets – anything that inter technology eliminates or makes easier to do reduces barriers to entry. b. Inter applications are difficult to keep proprietary form new entrants. c. A flood of new entrants has e into many industries. a. Procurement using the inter tends to raise bargaining power over suppliers, though it can also give suppliers access to more customers. b. The inter provides a channel for suppliers to reach end users, reducing the leverage of intervening panies. c. Inter procurement and digital markets tend to give all panies equal access to suppliers, and gravitate procurement to standardized products that reduce differentiation. d. Reduced barriers to entry and the proliferation of petitors downstream shifts power to suppliers. How the Inter Influences Industry Structure (Porter, Michael 2023) SUPPLIER TRADITIONAL TRAVEL AGENT ONLINE TRAVEL AGENT COMPETITIVE INTENSITY (Based on volume) (Based on realtime information) SELECTIVE BARGAINI