【正文】 :57:4211:57Mar235Mar23 1世間成事，不求其絕對圓滿，留一份不足，可得無限完美。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 88 Behaviour Modelling Training (BMT) (continued) ? BMT has a positive effect on learning, skills, and job behaviour. ? The effects on behaviour are greatest when trainees are instructed to set goals and when rewards and sanctions are used in the trainees’ work environment. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 72 Determinants of SelfEfficacy Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 56 Reinforcement Strategies (continued) ? Managers have to tailor reinforcement strategies to the needs of the situation and often must alter their strategies over time to achieve effective learning and maintenance of behaviour. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 40 Core SelfEvaluations ? A broad personality concept that consists of specific traits that reflect the evaluations people hold about themselves and their selfworth, petence, and capability. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 26 SelfMonitoring (continued) ? High selfmonitors show concern for socially appropriate behaviour and social cues, and they regulate their behaviour and selfpresentation according to these cues. ? High selfmonitors gravitate to jobs that require roleplaying and the use of their selfpresentation skills. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 10 Personality and the Situation ? Situations can be described as being either “weak” or “strong”. ? In weak situations, roles are loosely defined, there are few rules and weak reinforcement and punishment contingencies. ? Personality has the strongest effect in weak situations. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 7 The Dispositional Approach ? Focuses on individual dispositions and personality. ? Individuals possess stable traits or characteristics that influence their attitudes and behaviours. ? Individuals are predisposed to behave in certain ways. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 23 The Internal/External Locus of Control Continuum Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 37 Proactive Personality: Research ? Proactive personality is related to: – Job performance – Tolerance for stress – Leadership effectiveness – Participation in anizational initiatives – Work team performance – Entrepreneurship – Career success Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 53 Performance Feedback (continued) ? Performance feedback is most effective when it is: – Conveyed in a positive manner – Delivered immediately after observing performance – Represented visually (graph or chart form) – Specific to the behaviour that is being targeted for feedback Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 69 Observational Learning ? The process of imitating the behaviour of others: – Examining the behaviour of others – Seeing the consequences they experience – Thinking about what might happen if we act the same way – Imitating the behaviour if we expect favourable consequences Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 85 Training Programs (continued) ? One of the most widely used and effective methods of training is behaviour modelling training (BMT) which is based on social cognitive theory. Copyright 169。 上午 11時 57分 42秒 上午 11時 57分 11:57: 沒有失敗，只有暫時停止成功！。 2023年 3月 5日星期日 上午 11時 57分 42秒 11:57: 1楚塞三湘接，荊門九派通。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 91 Career Management ? Involves taking the necessary steps that are required to achieve one’s goals and plans. ? This often involves special assignments that are designed to assist employees in their career development. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 75 SelfRegulation (continued) ? Selfregulation involves the following activities: – Collect selfobservation data – Observe models – Set goals – Rehearse – Reinforce oneself Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 59 Extinction ? The gradual dissipation of behaviour following the termination of reinforcement. ? If the behaviour is not reinforced, it will gradually dissipate or be extinguished. ? Extinction works best when coupled with the reinforcement of some desired substitute behaviour. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 43 What is Learning? ? A relatively permanent change in behaviour potential as a result of practice or experience. ? The practice or experience that prompts learning stems from an environment that provides feedback concerning the consequences of behaviour. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 29 SelfEsteem ? The degree to which a person has a positive selfevaluation. ? People with high selfesteem have favourable selfimages. ? People with low selfesteem have unfavourable selfimages. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 13 The FiveFactor Model of Personality ? Five basic but general dimensions that describe personality: – Extraversion – Emotional stability/neuroticism – Agreeableness – Conscientiousness – Openness to experience Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 4 Learning Objectives (continued) 8. Explain when to use immediate versus delayed reinforcement and when to use continuous versus partial reinforcement. 9. Distinguish between extinction and punishment and explain how to use punishment effectively. social cognitive theory and discuss observational learning, selfefficacy, and selfregulation. anizational learning practices. Chapter 2 Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 20 The Fiv