【正文】 ivity ? Negative affectivity ? Proactive personality ? General selfefficacy ? Core selfevaluations Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 38 General SelfEfficacy ? A general trait that refers to an individual’s belief in his or her ability to perform successfully in a variety of challenging situations. ? General selfefficacy (GSE) is a motivational trait rather than an affective trait. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 46 Operant Learning Theory ? The subject learns to operate on the environment to achieve certain consequences. ? Operantly learned behaviour is controlled by the consequences that follow it. ? It is the connection between the behaviour and the consequence that is learned. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 54 Social Recognition ? Social recognition involves informal acknowledgement, attention, praise, approval, or genuine appreciation for work well done from one individual to another. ? When social recognition is made contingent on employee behaviour it can be an effective means for performance improvement. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 62 ? Punishment has some unique characteristics that often limit its effectiveness in eliminating unwanted behaviour. ? It does not demonstrate which behaviours should replace the punished response. ? Punishment indicates only what is not appropriate. Problems Using Punishment Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 70 Observational Learning (continued) ? Involves selfreinforcement. ? Attractive, credible, petent, highstatus people are most likely to be imitated. ? It is important that the model’s behaviour result in positive consequences and that it is vivid and memorable. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 78 Organizational Behaviour Modification (. Mod.) ? The systematic use of learning principles to influence anizational behaviour. ? . Mod. has been shown to improve safe working behaviour, work attendance, and task performance. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 86 Behaviour Modelling Training (BMT) ? BMT involves the following steps: – Describe to trainees a set of welldefined behaviours (skills) to be learned – Provide a model or models displaying the effective use of those behaviours – Provide opportunities for trainees to practice using those behaviours Copyright 169。 11:57:4211:57:4211:573/5/2023 11:57:42 AM 1以我獨沈久，愧君相見頻。 , March 5, 2023 很多事情努力了未必有結(jié)果，但是不努力卻什么改變也沒有。 上午 11時 57分 42秒 上午 11時 57分 11:57: 楊柳散和風(fēng)，青山澹吾慮。 :57:4211:57:42March 5, 2023 1意志堅強的人能把世界放在手中像泥塊一樣任意揉捏。 2023年 3月 5日星期日 上午 11時 57分 42秒 11:57: 1比不了得就不比，得不到的就不要。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 90 Career Planning ? Involves the assessment of one’s interests, skills, and abilities, and the development of career goals and plans. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 82 Employee Recognition Programs (continued) ? To be effective, formal employee recognition programs must specify: – How a person will be recognized – The type of behaviour being encouraged – The manner of the public acknowledgement – A token or icon of the event for the recipient Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 74 SelfRegulation ? The use of learning principles to regulate one’s own behaviour. ? A key part of the process is people’s pursuit of selfset goals that guide behaviour. ? Discrepancy reduction and discrepancy production lie at the heart of the selfregulatory process. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 66 Social Cognitive Theory ? Emphasizes the role of cognitive processes in regulating people’s behaviour. ? People learn by observing the behaviour of others and can regulate their own behaviour by thinking about the consequences of their actions, setting goals, monitoring performance, and rewarding themselves. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 58 Reducing the Probability of Behaviour ? Sometimes learned behaviours are detrimental to the operation of an anization and they need to be reduced or eliminated. ? Two strategies that can reduce the probability of learned behaviour: – Extinction – Punishment Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 50 Organizational Errors Involving Reinforcement ? Rewards fail to serve as reinforcers when they are not made contingent on some specific desired behaviour. ? Organizations often fail to appreciate individual differences in preferences for reinforcers. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 42 Core SelfEvaluations: Research ? People with more positive CSEs have higher job satisfaction, life and career satisfaction, and job performance. ? Individuals with higher CSE perceive fewer stressors and experience less stress and conflict at work. ? Employees with more positive CSEs experience their job as more intrinsically satisfying and they are likely to have more plex jobs. Copyright 169。 they have lower job performance. ? People with higher NA experience more stressful conditions at work and report higher levels of workplace stress and strain. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 28 SelfMonitoring: Research ? High selfmonitors are more likely to change employers and locations and to receive more promotions. ? They do not feel fortable in ambiguous social settings in which it is hard to determine what behaviours are socially appropriate. ? Dealing with unfamiliar cultures might provoke stress. Copyright 169。 2023 Pearson Canada Inc. Chapter 2/ Slide 20 The FiveFactor Model of Personality: Research ? Each of the “Big Five” dimension