【正文】 product or service must be perceived to be of parable quality to that offered by petitors提供比 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手更具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和服務(wù)質(zhì)量。 ? few anizations today pursue this strategy 如今 沒(méi)有幾個(gè)組織追求這種戰(zhàn)略。 3. Identifying Opportunities and Threats發(fā)現(xiàn) 機(jī)會(huì)和威脅 – Opportunities機(jī)會(huì) positive trends in the external environmental外部 環(huán)境的積極的變化趨勢(shì) – Threats威脅 negative trends in the external environment外部 環(huán)境的消極變化趨勢(shì) 89 The Strategic Management Process (cont.) 4. Analyzing the Organization’s Resources and Capabilities分析 組織的資源和能力 – examine the inside of the anization 視角 從組織外部轉(zhuǎn)向組織內(nèi)部 – available resources and capabilities always constrain the anization in some way無(wú)論多么強(qiáng)大的組織，都在可用資源和技術(shù)能力方面受到某種限制。 825 BusinessLevel Strategy (cont.) – Competitive Strategies (cont.) ? Porter’s petitive forces analysis (cont.) –Bargaining power of suppliers供應(yīng)商 的討價(jià)能力 affected by degree of supplier concentration受到 供應(yīng)商集中程度的影響 –Existing rivalry現(xiàn)有 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者之間的力量 affected by industry growth rate, demand for firm’s product or service, and product differences受到 產(chǎn)業(yè)增長(zhǎng)率、對(duì)企業(yè)產(chǎn)品的需求程度以及產(chǎn)品差異的影響 Types Of Organizational Strategies (cont.) 826 Current Rivalry Industry Competitors Forces In The Industry Analysis Suppliers New Entrants Buyers Substitutes Threat of New Entrants Threat of Substitutes Bargaining Power or Buyers Bargaining Power or Suppliers 827 28 8 Types of Organizational Strategies (cont.) BusinessLevel Strategy (cont.) – Competitive strategies (cont.) ? Porter’s three generic strategies波特 三種基本戰(zhàn)略 –cost leadership成本 領(lǐng)先戰(zhàn)略 goal is to bee the lowestcost producer in the industry 目標(biāo) 是成為產(chǎn)業(yè)中成本最低的生產(chǎn)者 187。differentiation based on quality, service, product design, brand image這種 差異化是建立在質(zhì)量、服務(wù)、產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)和品牌基礎(chǔ)之上的 187。revitalize anizational resources and capabilities重新激 活組織資源和能力 187。 ? important to identify the goals currently in place and the strategies currently being pursued 確定 當(dāng)前的目標(biāo)和當(dāng)前追求的戰(zhàn)略是非常重要的。divest 出售 – dogs sold off or liquidated出售 或套現(xiàn) 823 Types Of Organizational Strategies (cont.) BusinessLevel Strategy事業(yè)層 戰(zhàn)略 – determines how an anization should pete in each of its businesses確定 組織在其每一項(xiàng)事業(yè)中應(yīng)該如何展開(kāi)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。no attempt to serve the broad market 不 去尋求服務(wù)寬廣的市場(chǎng) 187。anticipated market growth預(yù)計(jì)市場(chǎng)增長(zhǎng)率 821 The BCG Matrix（ BCG矩陣） Stars 吉 星 Cash