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53 Example of Line Balancing 裝配線平衡例子 ? You’ve just been assigned the job a setting up an electric fan assembly line with the following tasks: 你剛剛被指派建立一個(gè)電風(fēng)扇裝配線,工作如下: T a s k T i m e ( M i ns ) De s c r i pti o n P r e de c e s s o r sA 2 As s e m b l e f r a m e No n eB 1 Mo u n t s w i t c h AC 3 . 2 5 As s e m b l e m o t o r h o u s i n g No n eD 1 . 2 Mo u n t m o t o r h o u s i n g i n f r a m e A, CE 0 . 5 At t a c h b l a d e DF 1 As s e m b l e a n d a t t a c h s a f e t y g r i l l EG 1 At t a c h c o r d BH 1 . 4 T e s t F, G54 Example of Line Balancing:裝配線平衡例子 Structuring the Precedence Diagram構(gòu)造先后次序圖 Task Predecessors A None A B A B C None C D A, C D Task Predecessors E D E F E F G B G H E, G H 55 Example of Line Balancing:裝配線平衡例子 Precedence Diagram 先后次序圖 A C B D E F G H 2 1 .5 1 1 問(wèn)題 :哪個(gè)步驟決定了最大的生產(chǎn)率 Which process step defines the maximum rate of production? 答 : Task C is the cycle time of the line and therefore, the maximum rate of production. C是生產(chǎn)線的周期,因此他決定了最大的生產(chǎn)率。平均處理時(shí)間是 3個(gè)星期。 “瓶頸”環(huán)節(jié)的產(chǎn)能限定了整個(gè)過(guò)程或系統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)出。繼續(xù)指派任務(wù)給其他的工作站指導(dǎo)所有的任務(wù)都被指派。 ? 減少了生產(chǎn)調(diào)整時(shí)間,加工品種減少,導(dǎo)致加工工具的快速更換。實(shí)現(xiàn)裁員 75%。以防止出現(xiàn) 阻塞 (Blocking)和 閑置 (Starving)。該公司的平均應(yīng)受帳目為 4千 5百萬(wàn)元。我們的生產(chǎn)周期是多少? Answer: 58 Example of Line Balancing: Determine Theoretical Minimum Number of Workstations 確定理論最小工作站數(shù)量 Question: What is the theoretical minimum number of workstations for this problem? 問(wèn)題:這個(gè)問(wèn)題的理論最小工作站數(shù)目是多少? Answer: T h eo r et i ca l M i n . N u m b er o f W o r ks t a t i o n s , NN = S u m o f t as k t i m es (T )C y cl e t i m e (C )ttN = 1 1 . 3 5 m i n s / u n i t4 . 2 m i n s / u n i t = 2 . 7 0 2 , o r 3t59 Example of Line Balancing: Rules To Follow for Loading Workstations 工作站裝載的規(guī)則 ? Assign tasks to station 1, then 2, etc. in sequence. Keep assigning to a workstation ensuring that precedence is maintained and total work is less than or equal to the cycle time. Use the following rules to select tasks for assignment.按順序指派任務(wù)給工作站 1然后是 2等。在這個(gè)問(wèn)題中,生產(chǎn)周期是 7分鐘。平均總會(huì)有 75個(gè)顧客在餐廳里(等待點(diǎn)餐、取餐、用餐等)。 13 其他工藝流程術(shù)語(yǔ) ? 阻塞 ? 因?yàn)闊o(wú)處存放剛完成的項(xiàng)目而使活動(dòng)必須停止 ? 如過(guò)沒(méi)有地方讓員工放置工作,員工就會(huì)一直拿著它無(wú)法繼續(xù)工作下一個(gè)。 51 Assembly Line Balancing Formulas 裝配線平衡公式 units) (in day per Output day per timeProduction Takt time (T) = Takt time (T) Sum of task times (S) Number of workstations =Takt time (T) workstations (Na) of number Actual Sum of task times (S) Efficiency 180。 ? 在一個(gè)有限而快速的生產(chǎn)周期內(nèi)提高操作技能。他們考察了馬自達(dá)公司后,極為震驚,馬自達(dá)公司雖小,但應(yīng)付款部門(mén)只有 5人。1 Process Analysis 流程分析 2 Outline 概要 ? 將運(yùn)營(yíng)績(jī)效和財(cái)務(wù)方法聯(lián)系起來(lái) ? 流程類(lèi)型 ? 流程圖 ? 律特法則的應(yīng)用 3 流程的概念 ? 流程 (Process),是 指一個(gè)組織將輸入品轉(zhuǎn)化為輸出品的過(guò)程中的任何一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié) 并試圖創(chuàng)造出比輸入更大的價(jià)值 ? 緩沖 (Buffering),是指過(guò)程中兩個(gè)階段之間的存儲(chǔ)區(qū),即前一階段的產(chǎn)出在被其后的階段使用之前暫時(shí)存放的位置。最初的方案:運(yùn)用信息技術(shù),減少信息傳遞,減員 20%。用以下規(guī)則為工作選擇任務(wù) ? SPT Rule: Select the task with the smallest task time from the list of eligible tasks 從可選任務(wù)中選擇最小的時(shí)間的任務(wù) ? LPT Rule: Select the task with the largest task time from the list of eligible tasks 從可選任務(wù)中選擇最大的時(shí)間的任務(wù) 60 A C B D E F G H 2 1 .5 1 1 Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 Task Followers Time (Mins) A 6 2 C 4 D 3 B 2 1 E 2 F 1 1 G 1 1 H 0 61 A C B D E F G H 2 1 .5 1 1 Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 A (=) Task Followers Time (Mins) A 6 2 C 4 D 3 B 2 1 E 2 F 1 1 G 1 1 H 0 62 A C B D E F G H 2 1 .5 1 1 A (=) B (=) Task Followers Time (Mins) A 6 2 C 4 D 3 B 2 1 E 2 F 1 1 G 1 1 H 0 Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 6