【正文】 實(shí)際應(yīng)用前，還需設(shè)計(jì)相應(yīng)的控制電路和保護(hù)電路，而這些外圍電路將會(huì)消耗部分能量。以自行設(shè)計(jì)的遙控器為例，當(dāng)對(duì)470微法的鋁電解電容充電時(shí)，充到飽和電壓后，可使遙控器連續(xù)工作5次。由于該壓電振子采用懸臂支撐時(shí)，固有頻率較高，而環(huán)境中振源的頻率遠(yuǎn)低于此值，為了使壓電振子的頻率和環(huán)境中的固有頻率相接近，可采用在壓電振子自由端附加集中質(zhì)量塊的方法進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)。根據(jù)公式P =V2R，可求得負(fù)載電阻所消耗的功率，即壓電振子的輸出功率。 ③ long life, high insulation resistance, leakage current small。s output. This laboratory use39。s research after the piezoelectricity electric power facility external connection load39。 At the same time, the use experiment test system, the selection different resistance number39。而實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，往往考慮的是壓電發(fā)電裝置的輸出功率，且其數(shù)值的大小與負(fù)載電阻有關(guān)。由該圖可以看出，壓電振子空載時(shí)，其電壓輸出波形為正弦波。鉭電解電容和鋁電解電容相比具有的優(yōu)點(diǎn)包括：①體積?。虎谑褂脻穸确秶鷮?；③壽命長(zhǎng)、絕緣電阻高、漏電流?。虎茏杩诡l率特性好；⑤可靠性高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。因此，在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，可以通過提高壓電振子的發(fā)電量來提高電能的存儲(chǔ)量。超級(jí)電容具有容量大、壽命長(zhǎng)、過電壓不擊穿和自由狀態(tài)下不漏電等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，可以代替電池作為一種連續(xù)的、穩(wěn)定的電源。對(duì)鎳氫電池充電時(shí)，調(diào)節(jié)功率放大器。相比起來，鋁電解電容的價(jià)格便宜，且其容量較大。因此，對(duì)壓電發(fā)電裝置的能量存儲(chǔ)特性的研究是很有必要的，本節(jié)進(jìn)行存儲(chǔ)。以上兩種情況下的理論計(jì)算公式可以看出，實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，無論壓電振子采用何種連接方式，都會(huì)存在一個(gè)最佳的負(fù)載電阻，使其輸出功率達(dá)到最大值。s output and the memory characteristic analysis, must guarantee, in the piezoelectricity electric power facility does not work in the situation, the electric appliance equipment still could the normal work, this need to carry on the memory to piezoelectric vibrator power rate each time. Therefore, to the piezoelectricity electric power facility39。s theoretical calculation formula may see, in practical application, regardless of the piezoelectric vibrator uses what connection mode, can have a best load resistance, causes its output maximizing.At the same time, for the confirmation theoretical formula39。s basic theory knowledge, piezoelectric ceramics’ electricity characteristic equivalent circuit may be represented as the electric charge equivalent circuit. And, piezoelectric ceramics’ dielectric resistance was opposite in the external load, the resistance number was big, might neglect. In the above two kind of situation39。s normal work power, piezoelectric ceramics’ power capacity is extremely limited. At the same time, in certain third chapter of piezoelectricity electric power facility39。其中，壓電陶瓷的絕緣電阻相對(duì)于外部負(fù)載來說，阻值較大，可以忽略。同時(shí)，在某些場(chǎng)第三章壓電發(fā)電裝置的輸出功率與存儲(chǔ)特性分析，要保證在壓電發(fā)電裝置不工作的情況下，電器設(shè)備仍能正常工作，這就需要對(duì)壓電振子每次的發(fā)電量進(jìn)行存儲(chǔ)。鉭電解電容不像普通電解電容那樣使用鍍了鋁膜的電容紙燒制，所以本身幾乎沒有電感，但同時(shí)也限制了它的容量，目前，市場(chǎng)上所能買到的鉭電解電容，最大容量也只是100微法，其價(jià)格也比普通的鋁電解電容貴很多，而且鉭電解電容的耐電壓及電流能力相對(duì)較弱，并不是壓電發(fā)電能量存儲(chǔ)的最理想元件。其放電終止電壓為1V左右。但其對(duì)壓電振子的發(fā)電量有較大的要求，適合于振源充分，振動(dòng)量大的場(chǎng)合，如作為汽車輪胎報(bào)警器的電源等。通過對(duì)電解電容的充電和放電試驗(yàn)，可以看出，普通的電解電容也可以作為儲(chǔ)能元件為電器設(shè)備供電。為了比較兩種電解電容的充電特性，現(xiàn)取相同容量（100微法）的兩種電解電容進(jìn)行充電試驗(yàn)。電振子所輸出的有效電壓和有效功率與負(fù)載電阻之間的理論關(guān)系曲線；同時(shí)，利用試驗(yàn)測(cè)試系統(tǒng)，選取不同阻值的電阻進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)，可繪制出它們之間的試驗(yàn)關(guān)系曲線，；，此時(shí)。因此，本章則對(duì)壓電發(fā)電裝置外接負(fù)載后的輸出功率進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的研究，并采用不同阻值的負(fù)載電阻進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。s resistance carries on the experiment, may draw up between them the experimental relations curve, its correspondence39。s output, and uses the different resistance number the load resistance to carry on the experimental confirmation.May discover by the second chapter of theoretical analysis, although piezoelectricity Liang can produce the great voltage, but it each time distorts the electrical energy which outputs to be very limited, still could not meet the modern mostly electronic installation39。 voltage is also the sine alternating current and the available oscilloscope obtains. According to formula P =V2R, may obtain the power which the load resistance consumes, namely piezoelectric vibrator39。 ② wide use of humidity。由于壓電振子固定在激振器上，能產(chǎn)生一個(gè)相同頻率的正弦波交流電，所以通過負(fù)載電阻兩端的電壓也為正弦交流電，并可用示波器測(cè)得。通過調(diào)節(jié)功率放大器的頻率，可以使激振器按給定的頻率激勵(lì)壓電振子；同時(shí)，調(diào)節(jié)功率放大器的電壓值，可以使壓電振子輸出不同幅值的正弦波交流電；示波器用以測(cè)量各部件的發(fā)電量。對(duì)470微法的鋁電解電容，這已經(jīng)可以滿足某些電子設(shè)備的需求。由于可充電電池需要有過充電保護(hù)電路，鎳氫電池的最佳充電方式還是恒流加涓流充電，而壓電發(fā)電的特點(diǎn)卻是高電壓、低電流。對(duì)輸出功率相對(duì)較低的壓電發(fā)電技術(shù)來說，這就大大降低了能量的實(shí)際利用率。以上對(duì)不同容量的鋁電解電容的充電試驗(yàn)，是在壓電振子開路電壓相同的條件下進(jìn)行的，為了獲得壓電振子開路電壓對(duì)鋁電解電容的充電速率的影響關(guān)系，試驗(yàn)測(cè)試在相同容量的電解電容下，壓電振子開路電壓對(duì)充電速率的影響關(guān)系。試驗(yàn)中。本節(jié)試驗(yàn)所使用的壓電振子的尺寸和材料性能參數(shù)如下：壓電陶瓷的材料為PZT4，壓電陶瓷的尺寸參數(shù)為：LWh=58mm30mm。 ④ good impedance frequency characteristics。s piezoelectric vibrator39。s size and the load resistance concern. Therefore, these rules have conducted system39。s equivalent capacity size using the Avon meter is: C= microfarad. Presses may know by the experimental principle, when the regulating power amplifier, causes the driver by the frequency f= drive piezoelectric vibrator, then the piezoelectric vibrator has an angular frequency ω=2πf=, time its idling voltage output wave shape. May see by this chart, when piezoelectric vibrator idling, its voltage output wave shape is a sine wave, may read out it