【正文】 有兩個(gè)滑動(dòng)齒輪或同步嚙合套的叫做2范圍，三個(gè)齒輪的叫做3范圍。如果在主動(dòng)齒輪和從動(dòng)齒輪之間引進(jìn)中間齒輪，從動(dòng)齒輪的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)方向?qū)?huì)變化。叫做半離心式離合器，壓盤有六個(gè)圓柱滾輪，它在離心力的作用下向外運(yùn)動(dòng)，直至觸到外殼。 液壓制動(dòng)離合器分離裝置由一個(gè)踏板、分離彈簧、主氣缸、氣力調(diào)壓器、管道、軟管、分離叉的桿組成。在裝配有手工傳動(dòng)的汽車系統(tǒng)中，這可以通過一個(gè)機(jī)械離合器獲得成功。火花塞本質(zhì)上是兩個(gè)粗鋼絲電極。凸輪軸通過齒輪或鏈條齒和齒條受到機(jī)軸的驅(qū)動(dòng)。然后動(dòng)力經(jīng)過傳動(dòng)系傳送到發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)再到車輪，這樣車輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，汽車便開始運(yùn)行。汽車行業(yè)也匯聚了千千萬萬的人。（3） 傳動(dòng)系，它將來自發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力（經(jīng)過離合器、調(diào)速器、傳動(dòng)軸、差分器和車軸）傳送到車輪。 閥門是通過發(fā)動(dòng)凸輪軸上的凸輪被打開的。控制著進(jìn)氣閥的凸輪的突出部分已經(jīng)從閥門下面移走。到活塞到達(dá)上止點(diǎn)時(shí)，氣缸內(nèi)被燃燒過的氣體被清除掉。離合器外殼是一個(gè)鋼鐵沖壓，由螺釘裝載調(diào)速器上。 在Estick裝配中，壓力盤杠桿嚙合離合器盤而不是分離的。變速器便是實(shí)現(xiàn)這些功能。 齒輪軸安放著一組不同齒數(shù)比的齒輪。 high temperatures and pressures result. At this instant, the downward pressure on the top of the piston may amount to as much as 2tons. This powerful push forces the piston down, and a power impulse is transmitted to the crankshaft through connecting rod and the crank. The piston is forced down by the pressure of the burning gasoline vapor duringthe power stroke. When the piston reaches the bottom dead center, the exhaust valve opens. Now, as the piston starts back up again, it forces the burned gases from the cylinder. By the time the piston has reached the top dead center the cylinder is cleared of the burned gases. The exhaust valve closes and the intake valve opens. Then ,the piston starts back down again on the next intake stroke. The four cycles, or piston strokes, are continuously repeated while the engine is running. The Clutches A clutch is a friction device used to connect and disconnect a driving force from a driven member. In automotive application, it is used in conjunction with an engine flywheel to provide smooth engagement and disengagement of the engine and manual transmission.Since an internal bustion engine develops little power or torque at low rpm, it must gain speed before it will move the vehicle. However, if a rapidly rotating engine is suddenly connected to the drive line of a stationary vehicle, a violent shock will result.So gradual application of load, along with some slowing of engine speed, is needed to provide reasonable and fortable starts. In vehicles equipped with a manual transmission, this is acplished by means of a mechanical clutch.The clutch utilizes friction for its operation. The main parts of the clutch are a pressure plate, and a driven disk. The pressure plate is coupled with the flywheel, while the driven disk is fitted to the transmission input shaft. The pressure plate is pressed to the disk by the springs so that the torque is transmitted owing to friction forces from the engine to the input shaft of the transmission. Smooth engagement is ensured by slipping of the disk before a full pressure is applied.The automobiles are equipped with a dry springloaded clutch. The clutch is termed dry because the surfaces of the pressure plate and driven disks are dry incontrast to oilbath clutches in which the plate and disks operate in a bath of oil. It is called springloaded because the pressure plate and the driven disk are always pressed to each other by springs and are released only for a time to shift gears or to brake the automobile.In addition to the plate and disk, the clutch includes a cover, release levers, a release yoke, pressure springs and a control linkage. The clutch cover is a steel stamping bolted to the flywheel. The release levers are secured inside the cover on the supporting bolts. The outer ends of the release levers are articulated to the pressure plate. Such a construction allows the pressure plate to approach the cover or move away from it, all the time rotating with the flywheel. The springs spaced around the circumference between the pressure plate and the clutch cover clamp the driven disk between the pressure plate and the flywheel.The springs are installed with the aid of projections and sockets provided on the cover and pressure plate. The pressure plate sockets have thermalinsulation gaskets for protecting the springs against overheating.The clutch release mechanism can be operated either mechanically or hydraulically. The mechanicallyoperated release mechanism consists of a pedal,a return spring, a shaft with lever, a rod, a release yoke lever, a release yoke, a release ball bearing with support and a clutch release spring. When the clutch pedalis depressed, the rod and shaft with yoke shift the released bearing and support assembly. The release beari