【正文】 TNFa, tumor necrosis factor a。 HCV, hepatitis C virus。 HCC, hepatocellular with permission from John Wiley amp。 Sons, Metabolic Syndrome and HCC ? With respect to obesity as a risk factor for HCC, the exact relation between HCC and risk still is being defined. ? Nair et al demonstrated that obesity was an independent predictor of HCC in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and cryptogenic cirrhosis but not in patients with cirrhosis of other etiologies. ? A metaanalysis of 11 cohort studies indicated that those who were overweight had a significantly increased relative risk of developing HCC(。 FFA, free fatty acid。 P13K, phosphatidylinositol 3kinase。Metabolic Syndrome and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Li Hui Abby B. Siegel, Andrew X. Zhu. Cancer December 15, 2022, Background ? Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most rapidly increasing cause of cancer death in the United States. Although many risk factors for HCC are well defined, including hepatitis B virus (HBV),hepatitis C virus (HCV), and alcohol, most series have indicated that 5% to 30% of patients with HCC lack a readily identifiable risk factor for their cancer. Metabolic syndrome ? Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of problems that includes obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and insulin resistance. FIGURE 1. Components of the metabolic syndrome are shown. NAFLD indicates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolic syndrome ? Nearly 25% of the US population meets criteria for the metabolic syndrome, and US obesity rates (body mass index [BMI] 30kg/m2)