【正文】 1 MANAGING HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE ASSETS 2 ? What puter processing and storage capability does our anization need to handle its information and business transactions? ? What arrangement of puters and puter processing would best benefit our anization? ? What kinds of software and software tools do we need to run our business? What criteria should we use to select our software technology? Essentials of Management Information Systems Managing Hardware and Software Assets OBJECTIVES 3 ? Of what new software technologies should we be aware? How would they benefit our anization? ? How should we acquire and manage the firm’s hardware and software assets? OBJECTIVES Essentials of Management Information Systems Managing Hardware and Software Assets 4 ? The centralization versus decentralization debate ? The application backlog MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES Essentials of Management Information Systems Managing Hardware and Software Assets 5 COMPUTER HARDWARE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE Essentials of Management Information Systems Managing Hardware and Software Assets Hardware Components of a Computer System Figure 1 6 COMPUTER HARDWARE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE Essentials of Management Information Systems Managing Hardware and Software Assets The Computer System bit ? Binary digit ? Represents smallest unit of data in the form of either 0 or 1 byte ? String of bits, usually eight ? Stores one number or character 7 COMPUTER HARDWARE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE Essentials of Management Information Systems Managing Hardware and Software Assets Bits and Bytes Figure 2 8 COMPUTER HARDWARE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE Essentials of Management Information Systems Managing Hardware and Software Assets The CPU and Primary Storage Central Processing Unit (CPU) ? Manipulates symbols, numbers, and letters ? Controls other parts of the puter system 9 COMPUTER HARDWARE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE Essentials of Management Information Systems Managing Hardware and Software Assets The CPU and Primary Storage Primary Storage ? Temporarily stores program instructions ? Data being used by the instructions 10 COMPUTER HARDWARE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE Essentials of Management Information Systems Managing Hardware and Software Assets The CPU and Primary Storage Figure 3 11 COMPUTER HARDWARE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE Essentials of Management Information Systems Managing Hardware and Software Assets Primary Storage Stores ? Software program being executed ? Operating system programs ? Data being used by program 12 COMPUTER HARDWARE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE Essentials of Management Information Systems Managing Hardware and Software Assets ? Arithmeticlogic unit (ALU): performs the puter’s principal logic and arithmetic operations ? Control Unit: coordinates and controls the other parts of the puter system Primary Storage 13 COMPUTER HARDWARE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE Essentials of Management Information Systems Managing Hardware and Software Assets ? RAM: Directly accesses any randomly chosen location in the same amount of time ? ROM: Semiconductor memory chips with progra