【正文】 EPROM (Erasable programmable ROM ) sockets or devices with EPROM instead of ROM .These devices are naturally more expensive than equivalent ROM device, but do provide plete circuit equivalents. EPROM based devices are also extremely attractive for lowvolume applications where they provide the advantages of a singlechip device, in terms of onchip I/O, etc. with the convenience of flexible user programmability.Random access memory (RAM)RAM is for the storage of working variables and data used during program execution. The size of this memory varies with device type but it has the same characteristic width (4,8,16 bits etc.) as the processor ,Special function registers, such as stack pointer or timer register are often logically incorporated into the RAM area. It is also mon in Harvard type microputers to treat the RAM area as a collection of register。//取出的數(shù)據(jù)到輸出口if(S=2400) BZ=2。ET1=1。 P3=0xff。void display3()。誠(chéng)摯的再次謝謝大家！參考文獻(xiàn)[1][J].世界電子元器件,2000,(02):277301[2]關(guān)積珍,[J].現(xiàn)代顯示, 2004,(02):3437[3][M].北京:北京航空航天大學(xué)出版社,2003:59102[4]高勝東,[J],1998, (03):108120[5][J].電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用,1996,(08):5677[6][M].北京:電子工業(yè)出版社,2009:129[7],2012512[8][D]. 黑龍江:佳木斯大學(xué), 2011:67[9]李蒙,[M].北京:中國(guó)輕工業(yè)出版社,2010:45[10]李蒙,[M].北京:中國(guó)輕工業(yè)出版社,2010:56[11],201304[12],20070519[13][M].北京:電子工業(yè)出版社,2009:21[14],20101113[15] ,20121024[16]于歆杰,朱桂萍,[M].北京:清華大學(xué)出版社,2007:312313附　錄 附錄一 元器件清單旋轉(zhuǎn)LED顯示屏元器件清單元件名稱型號(hào)（大?。?shù)量旋轉(zhuǎn)部分貼片ICSTC89C51RC1個(gè)貼片發(fā)光二極管（0805）綠色16個(gè)紅色16個(gè)貼片電阻56032個(gè)10K4個(gè)貼片電容104P3個(gè)20P2個(gè)穩(wěn)壓二極管1個(gè)開關(guān)二極管41481個(gè)晶振1個(gè)電解電容1個(gè)紅外接收管方形2*5*61個(gè)晶振1個(gè)次級(jí)線圈248。這里采用了直徑小于初級(jí)線圈直徑的增加了匝數(shù)的漆包線線圈做次級(jí)線圈，并在次級(jí)線圈內(nèi)部加裝一個(gè)磁導(dǎo)體曾加磁通量，來有效增加磁耦合。要實(shí)現(xiàn)多樣化顯示，需要結(jié)合51單片機(jī)特點(diǎn)和硬件電路，在程序中要進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的中斷、子函數(shù)調(diào)用、數(shù)組等操作。發(fā)現(xiàn)電源指示燈不亮，用萬用表測(cè)電源接頭電壓值為0V，即電源損壞?？梢苑抡鍹CS51系列、AVR、PIC、ARM等常用主流單片機(jī)。定時(shí)中斷程序設(shè)定了LED點(diǎn)陣顯示屏所要顯示的內(nèi)容和顯示的方式，最后執(zhí)行的是各種顯示程序。綜上比較，結(jié)合本題目實(shí)際特點(diǎn)，選擇第一種方案。當(dāng)振蕩器工作時(shí)，RST引腳出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)機(jī)器周期以上高電平將是單片機(jī)復(fù)位。 STC89C51RC簡(jiǎn)介：STC89C51RC是國(guó)內(nèi)宏晶科技有限公司設(shè)計(jì)生產(chǎn)具備超強(qiáng)抗干擾、高速、低功耗、指令代碼與傳統(tǒng)8051單片機(jī)完全兼容的增強(qiáng)型8051單片機(jī)。第2章 硬件系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 硬件整體設(shè)計(jì)概述及功能分析 顯示系統(tǒng)具體設(shè)計(jì)主要由通信系統(tǒng)，單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)，顯示驅(qū)動(dòng)電路和216 點(diǎn)陣排列屏五部分組成。編寫軟件之前得需要選擇一種合適的編寫語言以及配套的編輯器和編譯軟件。圖12 傳統(tǒng)LED顯示原理旋轉(zhuǎn)顯示掃描，同樣也是是利用人眼視覺暫留原理來實(shí)現(xiàn)顯示效果的。PC機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸一般采用的方式是串行通信和并行通信。第2章對(duì)系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì)方案作了論證，介紹了對(duì)主控芯片和各塊電路基本設(shè)計(jì)思路。涉密論文按學(xué)校規(guī)定處理。LED模塊安裝在穩(wěn)定旋轉(zhuǎn)地載體上，靜止時(shí)，各列發(fā)光二極管等間距排列。本人完全意識(shí)到本聲明的法律后果由本人承擔(dān)。所以，通過該課題設(shè)計(jì)，學(xué)習(xí)和熟悉51單片機(jī)的的軟硬件開發(fā)工具的使用方法和實(shí)際問題的解決能力，激發(fā)創(chuàng)新意識(shí)，活躍思維能力，為以后從事相關(guān)行業(yè)的工作積累了實(shí)際工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。它們的價(jià)格也高低不等，這樣極大地滿足了開發(fā)者的選擇自由。傳統(tǒng)的 LED點(diǎn)陣顯示屏逐行掃描循環(huán)點(diǎn)亮，當(dāng)刷新速率足夠大時(shí)，看到的即是一整幅穩(wěn)定的畫面。在顯示目標(biāo)和硬件總體構(gòu)架確定的情況下，軟件可以大致分為主程序，顯示子程序等子程序，通信程序三個(gè)主要程序模塊部分組成。因此在系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)中，需要編譯器。表21 51單片機(jī)芯片廠商產(chǎn)品公司名稱產(chǎn)品AT(Atmel)AT89C51，AT89C52，AT89C53，AT89S51等PhilipsP80C54，P80C58，P87C54，P87C58，P87C524等Inteli87C54，i87C58，i87L54，i87L54等STCSTC89C51RC，STC89C52RC，STC89LE51RC等根據(jù)題目的設(shè)計(jì)要求，所選芯片必須要具有的就是方便的編程下載能力，足夠的I/O端口和中斷引腳，足夠高低運(yùn)行速度。P3口第一功能同P P2口。(2)用電動(dòng)機(jī)電刷的方法，簡(jiǎn)單有效，但這樣如果電刷與觸點(diǎn)接觸不充分或壓力不足，影響供電效果。程序的總體流程如圖31所示：定時(shí)器T0中斷定時(shí)器T1中斷電源開始系統(tǒng)初始從顯示數(shù)組讀取顯示數(shù)據(jù)到寄存讀取控制命令，調(diào)用相應(yīng)子程序選擇顯示內(nèi)容外部中斷INT2圖31 主程序流程圖程序開始時(shí)首先必須對(duì)單片機(jī)進(jìn)行初始化，其中初始化的內(nèi)容包括：定時(shí)器中斷的開啟和偏差量初值的設(shè)定，I/O端口電平重新置高初始，顯示起始位置。它是目前最好的仿真單片機(jī)及外圍器件的工具。//取出的數(shù)據(jù)到P2輸出口24第4章 電路焊接及調(diào)試 焊接為了做到統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃，盡可能少出錯(cuò)，避免將來后期硬件焊接完畢后或者出錯(cuò)檢查相當(dāng)困難，這里做了如下安排：(1)認(rèn)真檢查電路原理圖，確保電路原理正確可行；(2)針對(duì)原理圖中所涉及到的所有元器件，一一確認(rèn)型號(hào)、參數(shù)、數(shù)目；(3)借助萬用表一一檢測(cè)電阻，二極管，三極管，電容等元件，確保完好無損，參數(shù)正確；(4)電路焊接遵循“注意正負(fù)，認(rèn)準(zhǔn)型號(hào)，一個(gè)模塊一個(gè)模塊依次焊接，先小件后大件，焊一件測(cè)一件，測(cè)通路檢短路”的原則；(5)焊接完畢后，再次與原理圖一一對(duì)照，確認(rèn)無誤，并檢測(cè)焊接在電路板上的元件好壞。找到問題所在處后，重新調(diào)整焊接了各I\O口LED燈位排列次序，使其從高到低排序是從Px^7到Px^0（x=0,1,2,3）。變壓器是利用互感原理工作的最典型的電氣元件[16]。他們?cè)谖耶厴I(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中給了許多幫助和建議性指導(dǎo)，讓我能夠順利解決此次畢設(shè)中軟硬件調(diào)試過程的麻煩和問題。//顯示狀態(tài)用標(biāo)志uint Rt。 P0=0xff。TH1=0。 ET0=0。C unless otherwise specified)附錄四 設(shè)計(jì)成果外文資料翻譯The singlechip microputer is the culmination of both the development of the digital puter and the integrated circuit arguably the two most significant inventions of the 20th century.Some employ the split program/data memory of the Harvard architecture, shown in , others follow the philosophy, widely adapted for generalpurpose puters and microprocessors, of making no logical distinction between program and data memory as in the Princeton architecture, shown in . In general terms a singlechip microputer is characterized by the incorporation of all the units of a puter into a single device, as shown in Fig35A3. These two types of architecture are found in singlechip microputer. Fig. A1 A Harvard type Fig. A2 A conventional Princeton puterRead only memory (ROM)ROM is usually for the permanent, nonvolatile storage of an applications program .Many microputers and microcontrollers are intended for highvolume applications and hence the economical manufacture of the devices requires that the contents of the program memory be mitted permanently during the manufacture of chips. Clearly, this implies a rigorous approach to ROM code development since changes cannot be made after manufacture .This development process may involve emulation using a sophisticated development system with a hardware emulation capability as well as the use of powerful software tools.Some manufacturers provide additional ROM options by including in their range devices with (or intended for use with) user programmable memory. The simplest of these is usually device which can operate in a microprocessor mode by using some of the input/output lines as an address and data bus for accessing external memory. This type of device can behave functionally as the single chip microputer from which it is derived albeit with restricted I/O and a modified external circuit. The use of these ROM less devices is mon even in production circuits where the volume does not justify the development costs of custom onchip ROM。 general manager, Siemens Energy amp。}}void display3(){P2=~ASCIIDOC3[2*j]。EA=1。TL0=(Rt%256)。//位定義