【正文】 Weizenkleie, 1995). The fungus used these sole energy and carbon sources for growth by deposing them with particular enzymes. During the deposition of the wheat bran no cellulase and pectinase activitiy, but only hamylase and xylanase could be detected. On account of the presence of the solid wheat bran and because of the adherence of the fungus to the wheat bran as well as by the inclusion of the fungus by the wheat bran (Adolph et al., 1996), it was not possible to determine the fungal cell mass concentration in the culture. However, because of the close relationship between the growth rate and the CO2 production rate (CPR), the cell mass can be estimated by the integration of the CPR over the time. According to the transmission electonmicro scopic investigations, the fungus grew inside the bran. It used the mechanical damage of the bran to evade it. In particular, the layer between the inner and the outer pericarp was colonized. After the dissolution of the pectincontaining structures and the penetration into this space, the fungus ?lled the wheat bran with dense et al. (1996) have shown, that inside of large pellets and clumps no mRNA could be observed. Thus no protein synthesis occurred. It is somewhat unexpected, that the cells in the dense mycelium inside the wheat bran shell still wereprovided with suf?cient oxygen and nutrient to produce xylanase. Before the xylanase appeared in the medium, it could be already detected within the cytoplasma and at the plasma membrane by immunogold assay. After 50 h the xylanase appeared on the surface of the wheat bran fragments and at the wheat branhyphaeinterface as well (Adolph et al., 1996). The concentrations of orthophosphate and ammonium, originating partly from the nutrient salt and partly from the wheat bran, were consumedduring the ?rst 60 h and than increased again, as the older hyphae started to starve and lyse Their ?nal concentrations surpassed their starting concentrations in the nutrient medium.The difference of their ?nal and original concen trations is a measure for their share originating from the wheat bran.. In?uence of the preculture The preculture was prepared with spores in the plex medium containing wheat bran as sole carbon source. The spores needed for their germination the carbon source from the wheat bran. For this purpose they adhered to the surface of the wheat bran and developed within 24 h to hyphae. The largest part of the fungal cell mass formed pellets and were bound to the wheat bran. The duration of the germination and the penetration of the hyphae into the wheat bran as well as the fungal morphology were independent of the spore concentration.. In?uence of the stirrer speed The investigations were carried out under standard operation conditions, except the stirrerspeed, which was maintained at 300, 500 and 750rpm, respectively. By changing the stirrer speed the morphology did not change: pellets were formed, which were surrounded by the wheat bran. Only at late cultivation time (after 100 h), when the wheat bran partly deposed (the aleuron layer was separated from the stoma and disintegrated) and the fungus hyphae were partlylysed, the effect of the stirrer speed was observable. The attachment of the fungus on the wheat bran surface was reduced at higher stirrer speeds. On account of the suspended aleuron particles, an acceleration of the growth could be expected. However, the shortest time lag, the fastest growth ocurred at the lowest stirrer speed. (Fig. 4A).Neither the ammonium uptake, nor the phosphate uptake was higher at high stirrer speeds, than atlower ones. The sugar uptake was considerably lower at 750 rpm, than at 500 or 300 rpm. (Fig. 4B). The xylanase activity was the highest at 300 rpm,and with increasing stirrer speed, it decreased (Fig4C). The low xylanase activity at high stirrer speed can be explained by the less intimate contact between the fungal mycelium and the wheat bran... Culti6ations in the airlift tower loop reactor，The runs in the airlift tower loop reactor were performed under following conditions: The preculture was incubated at 150 rpm, and 30176。 Wheat bran。它承受的是以扭轉(zhuǎn)為主的扭—彎聯(lián)合作用。底板筋板墊板地腳螺栓支座重量規(guī)格200160105105020512582502008303024表6—16 B型耳式支座的尺寸 支座載荷的校核計算 耳式支座實際承受的載荷按下式近似計算： 式中 D支座的安裝尺寸，mm g 重力加速度，取 D==， ＝， ， =3200，=4，=0， 將已知值代入得 因為＜[Q]=30KN，所以選用的耳式支座滿足要求。配用突面板式平焊管法蘭：HG20592 法蘭 RF 20。若質(zhì)量不合格，修補后重新試壓直至合格為止。代號EHA，標準JB/T4746—2002。第2章 反應釜釜體的設計 釜體、的確定 .1 釜體的確定將釜體視為筒體，取L/D=由V=(π/4)，L=則 （11）圓整由表81查得釜體的 釜體PN的確定因操作壓力＝，故：＝ 釜體筒體壁厚的設計 設計參數(shù)的確定設計壓力：＝工作壓力： ；設計溫度： 150℃ ；焊縫系數(shù)： ＝（雙面對接焊，100%無損探傷）；許用應力：根據(jù)材料Q235A、設計溫度150℃，由文獻[2]252頁表知＝113；鋼板負偏差：＝（GB6654）腐蝕裕量：＝（雙面腐蝕）。反應釜的工作：反應釜多屬間隙操作，有時為保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，每批出料后都需進行清洗；釜頂裝有快開人孔及手孔，便于取樣、測體積、觀察反應情況和進入設備內(nèi)部檢修。種子罐、發(fā)酵罐發(fā)酵設備是廣泛用于微生物生長的一種反應設備。耐堿性：搪玻璃對堿性溶液抗蝕性較酸溶液差。密封裝置可采用機械密封、填料密封等密封結(jié)構(gòu)。生產(chǎn)必須嚴格按照相應的標準加工、檢測并試運行。一臺帶攪拌的夾套反應釜。第1章 緒論反應釜的廣義理解即有物理或化學反應的不銹鋼容器，根據(jù)不同的工藝條件需求進行容器的結(jié)構(gòu)設計與參數(shù)配置，設計條件、過程、檢驗及制造、驗收需依據(jù)相關(guān)技術(shù)標準，以實現(xiàn)工藝要求的加熱、蒸發(fā)、冷卻及低高速的混配反應功能。每一種結(jié)構(gòu)都有他的適用范圍和優(yōu)缺點。耐壓電：搪玻璃具有良好的絕緣性，當搪玻璃在規(guī)定厚度內(nèi)用20KV高頻電火花檢查瓷層時，高頻電火花不能擊穿瓷層。操作壓力：反應釜操作壓力較高。 開機前減速機注入46機械油，打開電機防護罩用手轉(zhuǎn)動風葉檢查有無卡怠現(xiàn)象，攪拌槳有無刮壁現(xiàn)象，清理釜內(nèi)污物，方可開機。 外壓筒體壁厚的設計設計外壓的確定 由設計條件單可知，夾套內(nèi)介質(zhì)的壓力為常壓，設計外壓=。由設備設計條件單知：下料口的＝50，封頭下部結(jié)構(gòu)的主要結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸＝100。尺寸見表52 圖42 墊片的結(jié)構(gòu)表42 墊片的尺寸1240 螺栓、螺母和墊圈的尺寸規(guī)格 本設計選用六角頭螺栓（C級、GB/T57802000）、Ⅰ型六角螺母（C級、GB/T412000）平墊圈（100HV、GB/T952002）：螺栓的長度由法蘭的厚度（）、墊片的厚度（）、螺母的厚度（）、墊圈厚度（）、螺栓伸出長度確定。 管法蘭尺寸的設計工藝接管配用的突面板式平焊管法蘭的結(jié)構(gòu)如圖。推進式攪拌器機械設計的主要內(nèi)容是：確定攪拌軸的直徑、攪拌器直徑、攪拌器與攪拌軸的連接結(jié)構(gòu)。5． 攪拌抽臨界轉(zhuǎn)速校核計算由于反應釜的攪拌軸轉(zhuǎn)速=200200，故不作臨界轉(zhuǎn)速校核計算。Xylanase。 (C) CPR, glucose concentrations and xylanase activities。C on potatodextrose