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T0中斷子程序PUSH PSWMOV TH0,0ECH 。參考文獻(xiàn)[1] [M].北京:清華大學(xué)出版社,1993[2] [M].北京:北京航空航天大學(xué)出版社,1999[3] [M].北京:北京航空航天大學(xué)出版 社,2000[4] 周以琳,戚淑芬,隋樹(shù)林.實(shí)現(xiàn)玻璃窯爐燃燒系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化控制的研究[J].青島大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2000, 15(2):46[5] 謝永言.玻璃窯爐的自動(dòng)控制與節(jié)能[J].玻璃與搪瓷,2001,29(3):3335[6] 邪裕森,巴筱云.過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)及儀表[M].第l版.北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1999.[7] 阮學(xué)斌,許巧玲.玻璃爐的模糊控制[J].福州大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)自然科學(xué)版,1996,24(2):2729[8] 王永初.滯后過(guò)程的預(yù)估與控制[M].北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1987.[9] [P].北京:電子工業(yè)出版社,2004,1(34):1314 [10] 楊金巖 8051單片機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸接口擴(kuò)展技術(shù)與應(yīng)用實(shí)例[M].北京:人民郵電出版社,1996 [11] [J].北京:人民郵電出版,2005,1(1):58 [12] 睢丙東,[M].北京:電子工業(yè)出版社,2005[13] 吉雷.Protel 99—從入門(mén)到精通[M].西安: [14] 屠乃威,付華,[J].微計(jì)算機(jī)信息,2004,20(06):812[15] 于春梅,李磊民.隧道窯溫度檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)[J].儀器儀表學(xué)報(bào),2004(4):169172.[16] [M].上海:上海交通大學(xué)出版社,2008[17] 陳光東,趙性初.單片微型計(jì)算機(jī)原理與接口技術(shù)[M].武漢:華中科技大學(xué)出版社,1999.[18] 房小翠,熊光潔,聶學(xué)俊等.單片微型計(jì)算機(jī)與機(jī)電接口技術(shù)[M].北京:國(guó)防工業(yè)出版社,2002.[19] Springs G history of fine grained hard metal[J]. Int J of Refractory Metal and Hard Material,1995,13:241255.[20] Giles RF,Bartley TM.Gain.a(chǎn)daptive dead time pensation ISA[J].Trms,1977,(1):4649.[21] Hang C C.A Performance study of Control System with Dead Time[J].1EEE.IECI,1980,27:234—241.附錄 1 總電路圖附錄 2 主程序代碼ORG 0000HAJMP START 。中值濾波對(duì)于去掉由于偶然因素引起的波動(dòng)或采樣器不穩(wěn)定引起的脈動(dòng)干擾十分有效,對(duì)溫度這種緩慢變化的參數(shù)采用這種方法有良好的效果。(Am—Ao)/M,結(jié)果在35H,36H CLR C MOV A,2AH ADD A,35H ;計(jì)算Ax=A0+y步進(jìn)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)一步程序流程圖如圖43所示。A/D轉(zhuǎn)換子程序流程圖如圖42所示。主程序的功能是:開(kāi)機(jī)以后,首先進(jìn)行初始化,負(fù)責(zé)管理和調(diào)用各個(gè)子程序,設(shè)置路數(shù)。啟動(dòng)、停車(chē)、反轉(zhuǎn)及任何的運(yùn)行方式改變都在少數(shù)的步進(jìn)脈沖里完成,在一定的頻率范圍內(nèi)運(yùn)行時(shí),任何運(yùn)行方式都不會(huì)丟失一步。ICL7109采用雙積分工作原理,轉(zhuǎn)換速率不高,但可滿(mǎn)足該系統(tǒng)對(duì)采樣速率的要求。(4) AD693通常由環(huán)路電源供電,特殊情況下也可以有本地電源單獨(dú)供電。ADC592的電流溫度系數(shù)為1μA/K。AT89C52是一種低能耗、低電壓、高性能的8位單片機(jī),片內(nèi)帶有一個(gè)8 kB的Flash可編程、可擦除只讀存儲(chǔ)器(EPROM),56字節(jié)的數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器以及32個(gè)I/O口。如果過(guò)程的滯后對(duì)問(wèn)具有時(shí)變特性,將使問(wèn)題更加復(fù)雜。如:火焰充滿(mǎn)空間、而且溫度各處均勻;窯內(nèi)表面溫度均勻等。 隧窯系統(tǒng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型 熔化部溫度的理論數(shù)學(xué)模型浮法玻璃熔窯的燃燒正平衡熱效率公式為: (2):表示平均熱效率;:表示單位質(zhì)量的玻璃液的理論耗熱量;:表示單位時(shí)間里熔化玻璃液的質(zhì)量;:表示單位時(shí)間內(nèi)燃料的平均流量;:表示燃料的平均熱值。熱量從熱源傳到溫度傳感器要經(jīng)過(guò)多個(gè)熱阻與熱容相串聯(lián)的熱慣性環(huán)節(jié),而串聯(lián)的多容對(duì)象會(huì)產(chǎn)生等效純時(shí)滯。生產(chǎn)流是由于成型玻璃的拉力和投料機(jī)的推力而產(chǎn)生的從投料口到成型部的縱向流動(dòng)。其作用是使窯內(nèi)氣體按一定的方向流動(dòng),排出煙氣,供給空氣,抽出熱空氣等,并維持窯內(nèi)一定的溫度、氣氛和壓力。2 結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)方案選擇 玻璃窯爐的工藝流程隧道窯是耐火材料工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中比較先進(jìn)的窯爐,為便于研究,將隧道窯分為窯體結(jié)構(gòu)(主要包括窯墻、窯頂和剛架結(jié)構(gòu))、預(yù)熱帶結(jié)構(gòu)(主要包括排煙系統(tǒng))、燒成結(jié)構(gòu)(主要包括燃燒系統(tǒng))、冷卻帶結(jié)構(gòu)(主要包括冷卻系統(tǒng))及其它結(jié)構(gòu)(包括窯結(jié)構(gòu)及車(chē)下冷卻結(jié)構(gòu)等)。完全分隔是用一道或兩道擋墻將溶化部和冷卻部的空間完全隔離開(kāi),互不相通,避免了溶化部的熱氣流對(duì)冷卻部的影響,這樣既可以集中溶化部的熱量,也可以獨(dú)立控制冷卻部溫度的作業(yè)制度,冷卻部空間可以縮小。玻璃窯爐是一個(gè)時(shí)變的、非線(xiàn)性的、多變量耦合的復(fù)雜控制對(duì)象,其結(jié)構(gòu)及其控制技術(shù)將極大的影響著產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量、生產(chǎn)的成本。玻璃窯爐溫度系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)有的控制方法主要是傳統(tǒng)的PID控制。關(guān)鍵詞:玻璃窯爐,PID控制,工藝流程,智能控制,溫度控制ABSTRACTTunnel kiln is a set of important equipment in fireresisting materials process,and the control technique of tunnel kiln has great effects on the quality of products.Recently,fireresisting materials industry has developed quickly in our country,and the design of tunnel kiln has improved the control technique of tunnel kiln has developed slowly,most tunnel kilns has still adopted instruments control method,and the degree of automation is very .it is important to do some researches on tunnel kiln firing control,especially on temperature control for good quality of firingresisting materials.This text has tell the source of exercise question at first, has explained the research state in longrange control system of modern transmission based on Internet both at home and abroad, typical example taking exchanging the transmission as modern transmission e to make the research object, and has summarized the task of the design and research means briefly. In this way, the understanding that designing the system entirely is preliminary. At present,the mainly method used in glass furnace temperature control is PID control.Although PID control call achieve satisfied result in small range near temperature set point,it can’t control temperature to its set point rapidly and smoothly at the time of the work condition change by a wide margin due to the influence of time lag and parameters varying.So PID control is subjected to paratively big limitation.For this reason,researchers try to improve the control of this kind of systems continuously.For the large time lag and inertia system,many control methods have been put forward since the Smith predicator control rose in 1957,but the problem has not been solved pletely.So it is of theoretical and practical significance to conduct researches in this respect.After review of control methods for large time lag process and their improvements in recent yeats,the thesis design an intelligent control scheme based on intelligent control theory.Key words: glass furnace;PID control;technological process;intelligent control; temperature control.緒論玻璃窯爐是玻璃工廠(chǎng)最重要的熱工工藝設(shè)備,而熔制是玻璃生產(chǎn)中最重要的工序之一,它是將混合均勻的配合料,送往玻璃窯爐,在高溫條件下,經(jīng)過(guò)一系列物理的、化學(xué)的變化和反應(yīng),形成均勻的、無(wú)氣泡的、符合成形要求的玻璃液。目前,國(guó)內(nèi)外隧道窯的控制大都采用人工調(diào)節(jié)方式,因?yàn)椴捎米詣?dòng)控制,一是要建立爐窯的數(shù)學(xué)模型,用多變量控制技術(shù)進(jìn)行控制,但其數(shù)學(xué)模型過(guò)于復(fù)雜,而控制精度卻不理想;二是采用分散控制器(PID)來(lái)調(diào)節(jié),用工程方法整定控制器參數(shù),但在實(shí)用中變量之間的耦合使得參數(shù)整定過(guò)于復(fù)雜運(yùn)行環(huán)境發(fā)生變化時(shí)參數(shù)需要重新調(diào)整。