【正文】 s procurator ate litigation, etc Above four interaction relationship, contact each other, together constitute the VTS system is organic structure, the interaction of the organic structure determines the VTS system function. Here, in bination with the practical situation of the VTS in China, from the structure of the VTS system, bing the current main problems of our country VTS development:(一) Of the existing VTS service level is difficult to meet the needs of the society from all walks of life especially the increasing improvement of the service objectIn just 20 years time, VTS development in our country is still in its infancy, the low level of management and service. But the shipping is very high level of internationalization and globalization of industry, our service object is according to the level of internationalization, globalization put forward higher requirements, the requirements of our country VTS has reached the international advanced management level as soon as possible, which brings great pressure to the development of China39。如果要使阻力和航速的平方成正比，則可得到： （327）其中，k是船舶阻力的系數(shù)。 （314） （315）由式（314）可得： （316）將式（316）帶入式（312）中，得： （317）展開(kāi)式（317）并令： （318）得到： （319）將式(319)中上標(biāo)去掉，便得到任意航向且橢圓中心不在坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)的橢圓方程： ( 320）利用這種算法可以確定船舶領(lǐng)域的大小，目標(biāo)船舶到達(dá)船舶領(lǐng)域的時(shí)間等。2173艘次船舶數(shù)據(jù)用于驗(yàn)證,其中,北上船舶1078艘次,南下船舶1095艘次。　?、芙?jīng)過(guò)測(cè)量線(xiàn)的位置和時(shí)間。而遠(yuǎn)程模擬器可包括ARPA 模擬器以及遠(yuǎn)程船控模擬器?！　。?）． 提高了港口資源利用率。 我國(guó)VTS的發(fā)展　　我國(guó)VTS以交通安全為第一目的，并兼顧提高交通效率和保護(hù)水域環(huán)境，其功能以信息服務(wù)和助航服務(wù)為主。采用VTS模擬器進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)能克服采用真實(shí)設(shè)備進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)的不足,還能節(jié)約成本并可設(shè)置各種練習(xí)場(chǎng)景反復(fù)多次練習(xí)VTS模擬器中,交通流的設(shè)置是VTS值班人員進(jìn)行人機(jī)交互的重要輔助手段,交通流的逼真度對(duì)VTS值班人員的設(shè)備操作和應(yīng)急處理的能力有很大的影響,因此逼真的交通流是VTS模擬器研究的重要內(nèi)容。　?。?） 船舶交通秩序明顯改善。VTS 訓(xùn)練分為實(shí)踐培訓(xùn)和課堂培訓(xùn), 而VTS 模擬器則該用于實(shí)踐訓(xùn)練這個(gè)關(guān)鍵的環(huán)節(jié)中。有以下幾種觀測(cè)參數(shù):　　①船舶的交通量統(tǒng)計(jì)。船舶經(jīng)緯度用來(lái)確定船位以判斷船舶是否在本次調(diào)查的水域之內(nèi),同時(shí)也通過(guò)經(jīng)緯度來(lái)判斷交通流方向。 交通流的連續(xù)性方程假設(shè)車(chē)流依次通過(guò)斷面Ⅰ和Ⅱ的時(shí)間的間隔為間距為,車(chē)流量從q變?yōu)?密度由變?yōu)橛少|(zhì)量守恒定律因?yàn)? ,得到交通流方程為 (31)式(1)表明若車(chē)流量隨著距離減少時(shí),車(chē)流密度就隨著時(shí)間的增長(zhǎng)而增長(zhǎng) 速度—密度關(guān)系為了方便方程的討論與研究,就要找出速度密速較為直接地關(guān)系,文獻(xiàn)[13]列出了二者的三種關(guān)系:(1)1963年,格林希耳茨(Greenhill’s)列出了速度密度的線(xiàn)性關(guān)系的模型 (32)(2)當(dāng)交通密度較大時(shí),格林柏(Greenberg)列出了下列對(duì)數(shù)模型 (33)(3)當(dāng)密度較小時(shí),安德五德(Underwood)列出了下列指數(shù)模型 (34) 求解方程以格林希耳茨提出的密度速度關(guān)系來(lái)探討交通流的方程,可得 (35)滿(mǎn)足,代入(31)式得,它表示沿著特征方向的任意一特征線(xiàn),是不改變的,是Riemann不變量作自變量的變換,令 (36)因?yàn)榈玫剑? 船舶開(kāi)始轉(zhuǎn)向后，由船舶轉(zhuǎn)向產(chǎn)生的縱距和橫距用式（321）求得, （321）其中，是轉(zhuǎn)向后的速度；是轉(zhuǎn)頭角。 Three is system affected by the environment and the interference, and environment interact each other. VTS system by VTS and other maritime agencies, service object, the social from all walks of life, as well as the personnel and equipment within the VTS elements of organic whole, the interaction between these factors, promote each other and mutual restrictions. Below is the analysis of the relationship of each element of the VTS system:People, authority department: the main relationship in VTS is man, organ system. People on duty including VTS personnel and equipment maintenance and management personnel, machine including radar, puter and other machinery and equipment and related software applications. VTS is the attendant on the puter screen through a bination of electronic chart and radar image AIS was carried out on the water ship and traffic flow information technologies such as remote, offsite video service and management. Accordingly, from within the VTS, VTS function is affected by internal personnel quality and service level, also inevitably affected by machine, software performance and effect and interference. Machine performance is good, high degree of software development, will better assist the personnel on duty timely and accurately understand the traffic situation, so that the personnel on duty to make the right judgment, with the right advice or instructions. If on duty personnel professional level is low, difficult to meet the requirements of VTS duty, also it is a good machine it can39。s knowledge update, including internal onthejob training and offjob training organization, constantly raise the level of work. Do business on a regular basis and examination of skill petition, such as the English ability of the personnel on duty, maintenance personnel to repair technology etc, to promote staff consciously improve the ability?(3) Establish rewards and punishment incentive mechanism, give full play to staff39。s first VTS built in Liverpool, England in 1948, Hong Kong, and our country in 1982, was first built in Ningbo VTS. VTS center 26 at present, the project, and the 20 coastal areas, inland waters, is built in VTS most populous nation in the world, the basic cover all the most important port and inland and coastal waters of the heavy traffic. Now our country VTS employees 1550 people, VTS is an important law enforcement force in the maritime institutions. VTS built and run for the ships in the service area to provide 24hour information services, navigation service, traffic organization, etc. It in the vessel traffic safety, improve the navigation order, improve the traffic efficiency and protect the water environment has played an important role in such aspects, also more and more accepted by the social from all walks of life and the vast majority of ports and enterprises.二, The main problems restricting the development of vessel traffic management system in our country VTS development in our co