【正文】 一個好的設(shè)計人員應(yīng)該勇于提出新的想法，而且愿意承擔一定的風(fēng)險，當新的方法不適用時，就使用原來的方法。計算機是一種工具，它能夠幫助機械設(shè)計師減輕繁瑣的計算，并對現(xiàn)有數(shù)據(jù)提供進一步的分析。8. 討論潤滑油膜與滾動軸承的理論和應(yīng)用。2. 認識負載產(chǎn)生的影響及其意義。產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計需要不斷探索和發(fā)展。在機械工程領(lǐng)域中，以及其它工程領(lǐng)域中，所有這些都需要機械設(shè)備，比如：開關(guān)、凸輪、閥門、船舶以及攪拌機等。致謝本課題的研究探討以及論文撰寫一直都是在周毓明老師的細心指導(dǎo)下進行的，可以說其中的每個環(huán)節(jié)都傾注了周毓民老師的智慧和心血，尤其是在畢業(yè)設(shè)計中遇到了困難，老師都會細心的解答，記得第二次去找老師，當時問老師需不需要買一個實物（電空閥）來進行研究，后來老師帶我去了他朋友的公司，在公司中我了解到了許多關(guān)于我畢業(yè)設(shè)計中相關(guān)的信息，還無償?shù)淖屛規(guī)ё咭粋€電空閥進行研究設(shè)計，為此我對周老師表示感謝。進入60年代尤其是70年代的后期，氣壓傳動技術(shù)開始用于自動裝置、包裝和檢測等輕巧的作業(yè)領(lǐng)域，來減輕繁重的體力勞動。消聲器配于主控閥排氣口，氣缸排氣口處，起消聲濾塵作用。： 二位五通換向閥雙作用氣缸的換向回路：當主控制閥雙氣二位五通換向閥2左腔通入控制氣壓信號時，也就是當4按下，二位五通換向閥2左位處于工作狀態(tài)，雙作用氣壓缸活塞桿向外伸出；當松開4，二位五通換向閥2左腔取消控制氣壓信號時，并且同時按下5使得二位五通換向閥2右位處于工作狀態(tài)，雙作用氣壓缸活塞桿快退。氣壓傳動由氣源、氣動執(zhí)行元件、氣動控制閥和氣動輔件組成。通過氣壓傳動系統(tǒng)對氣缸的控制，通過氣缸活桿（其中活桿與弧形夾進行螺紋連接）的橫向往返運動對電空閥進行加緊。所以TFK5—110電空閥的閥座可以采用一面兩銷（）進行定位，一面兩銷是由2個M8六角頭螺栓C級GB/T5780—2000和擋板（）組成，通過一面兩銷，限制閥座的6個自由度，使其牢牢地固定在擋片上，這樣一來，減少了實驗的誤差。（2）碳素鋼和低合金鋼制成的壓力容器，其試驗用氣體的溫度應(yīng)不低于5℃，其它材料制成的壓力容器按設(shè)計圖樣規(guī)定。無論開式還是閉式，電空閥都是由電磁機構(gòu)和氣閥兩部分組成。隨著社會的發(fā)展，夾具是機械加工不可缺少的部件，在機床技術(shù)向高速、高效、精密、復(fù)合、智能、環(huán)保方向發(fā)展的帶動下，夾具技術(shù)正朝著高精、高效、模塊、組合、通用、經(jīng)濟方向發(fā)展。對于試驗用夾具的設(shè)計需要考慮到夾具的設(shè)計要求。對于氣密性試驗用夾具在國內(nèi)的發(fā)展不是很廣闊，氣密性試驗夾具對電空閥有著重要的作用。從而達到遠距離控制氣動器械目的的裝置。推動氣動機械動作?！?10電空閥。利用弧形夾將閥座與擋片進一步接觸。這里采取了氣缸支撐座（）。 控制元件本系統(tǒng)采用的均為電磁閥雙向換接，它的特點是換向簡單，進氣和回氣回路簡單，安裝時統(tǒng)一，并且本系統(tǒng)的氣缸是垂直安裝升舉載荷，因此使用進氣節(jié)流。但是，考慮到由于夾緊過程中活塞桿與弧形夾對工件的作用，因此，氣缸需有足夠的推力。（2）因工作壓力低（～），又因結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸不宜過大，氣壓傳動裝置的總輸出力不宜大于10～40kN。經(jīng)過不斷地努力，夾具的整體框架基本形成。t understand or not use about the latest application materials to the best information, (b) failed to foresee and consider the reasonable use material may (such as possible, designers should further forecast and consider due to improper use products. In recent years, many products liability in litigation, the use of products and hurt the plaintiff accused manufacturer, and won the decision), (c) of the materials used all or some of the data, data, especially when the uncertainty longterm performance data is so, (d) quality control method is not suitable and unproven, (e) by some pletely inpetent persons choose materials.Through to the above five questions analysis, may obtain these questions is does not have the sufficient reason existence the conclusion. May for avoid these questions to these questions research analyses the appearance indicating the direction. Although uses the best choice of material method not to be able to avoid having the product responsibility lawsuit, designs the personnel and the industry carries on the choice of material according to the suitable procedure, may greatly reduce the lawsuit the quantity. May see from the above discussion, the choice material people should to the material nature, the characteristic and the processing method have prehensive and the basic understanding. Finally, a design based upon function, and a prototype may be built. If its tests are satisfactory, the initial design will undergo certain modifications that enable it to be manufactured in quantity at a lower cost. During subsequent years of manufacture and service, the design is likely to undergo changes as new ideas are conceived or as further analyses based upon tests and experience indicate alterations. Sales appeal.Some Rules for DesignIn this section it is suggested that, applied with a creative attitude, analyses can lead to important improvements and to the conception and perfection of alternate, perhaps more functional, economical,and durable products. To stimulate creative thought, the following rules are suggested for the designer and analyst. The first six rules are particularly applicable for the analyst.1. A creative use of need of physical properties and control process.2. Recognize functional loads and their significance.3. Anticipate unintentional loads.4. Devise more favorable loading conditions.5. Provide for favorable stress distribution and stiffness with minimum weight.6. Use basic equations to proportion and optimize dimensions.7. Choose materials for a bination of properties.8. Select carefully, stock and integral ponents.9. Modify a functional design to fit the manufacturing process and reduce cost.10. Provide for accurate location and noninterference of parts in assembly. Machinery design covers the following contents.1. Provides an introduction to the design process , problem formulation ,safety factors.2. Reviews the material properties and static and dynamic loading analysis ,Including beam , vibration and impact loading. 3. Reviews the fundamentals of stress and defection analysis. 4. Introduces fatiguefailure theory with the emphasis on stresslife approaches to highcycle fatigue design, which is monly used in the design of rotation machinery. 5. Discusses thoroughly the phenomena of wear mechanisms, surface contact stresses ,and surface fatigue. 6. Investigates shaft design using the fatigueanalysis techniques. 7. Discusses fluidfilm and rollingelement bearing theory and application 8. Gives a thorough introduction to the kinematics, design and stress analysis of spur gears , and a simple introduction to helical ,bevel ,and worm gearing. 9. Discusses spring design including pression ,extension and torsion springs. 10. Deals with screws and fasteners including power screw and preload fasteners. 11. Introduces the des