【正文】
制壓縮空氣管路的導(dǎo)通或關(guān)斷。1. 失電狀態(tài),當(dāng)線圈失電時(shí),銜鐵在彈簧的反作用力下打開,帶動(dòng)閥桿上移,使下閥門關(guān)閉,大氣不能進(jìn)入電空閥;上閥門打開,傳動(dòng)風(fēng)缸的壓縮空氣經(jīng)電空閥排向大氣,氣動(dòng)器械恢復(fù)原狀。而開式電空閥的作用原理與閉式正好相反。對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)要求作氣壓試驗(yàn)的壓力容器,氣 密性試驗(yàn)可與氣壓試驗(yàn)同時(shí)進(jìn)行,試驗(yàn)壓力應(yīng)為氣壓試驗(yàn)的壓力。(5)試驗(yàn)時(shí)壓力應(yīng)緩慢上升,達(dá)到規(guī)定試驗(yàn)壓力后保壓10分鐘,然后降至設(shè)計(jì)壓力,通過對(duì)儲(chǔ)氣缸外部氣壓表的示數(shù)進(jìn)行氣壓值觀察,以下降應(yīng)不超過10%。其次試驗(yàn)壓力不同,氣密性試驗(yàn)壓力為容器的設(shè)計(jì)壓力,第3章 夾具的設(shè)計(jì) 由于電空閥的多種多樣,在這里我選取了型號(hào)為TFK5—110的電空閥為夾具設(shè)計(jì)的對(duì)象。下面是閥座部分的實(shí)體圖,: 閥座 通過對(duì)實(shí)體以及相關(guān)資料的查詢,TFK5—110電空閥的閥座的加工工藝是鑄造,閥座表面運(yùn)用涂漆進(jìn)行反腐,其中相關(guān)大小尺寸比較粗糙。另外一部分是定位部分,; 夾緊部分 定位部分 定位方案的設(shè)計(jì)由于TFK5—110電空閥的閥座其表面有平整,以及在平整面的兩側(cè)有兩個(gè)直徑為8mm與機(jī)車相固定的孔,并且另外一面由一個(gè)直接約為32mm的半圓弧組成。同時(shí)也是定位的一部分,也是包括了電空閥進(jìn)出口的位置關(guān)系。所以此方案可取。: 試驗(yàn)用夾具 夾緊的工作原理通過氣壓傳動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)給予氣缸動(dòng)力,運(yùn)用活桿將閥座固定在擋片上,同時(shí)運(yùn)用一面兩銷的定位方式,將工件夾緊。本次試驗(yàn)用夾具的夾緊力主要是由氣缸提供。在第4章。氣密性試驗(yàn)對(duì)位置的要求很高,這樣就會(huì)減少漏氣的幾率。從而確保了氣缸的位置。氣壓傳動(dòng)是指以壓縮空氣為工作介質(zhì)來傳遞能量和實(shí)現(xiàn)控制的一門技術(shù),它包含了傳動(dòng)技術(shù)和控制技術(shù)兩個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容。氣動(dòng)控制閥用來調(diào)節(jié)氣流的方向、壓力和流量,相應(yīng)地分為方向控制閥、壓力控制閥和流量控制閥。對(duì)能源裝置的基本要求是:1)能源裝置外觀應(yīng)美觀,色澤應(yīng)與主機(jī)協(xié)調(diào);2)能源裝置上所裝元件的排列布置應(yīng)勻稱,維護(hù)方便簡(jiǎn)易3)能源裝置應(yīng)節(jié)能;4)能源裝置應(yīng)工作平穩(wěn),產(chǎn)生振動(dòng)小,噪聲??;5)和電氣、電子控制結(jié)合使用時(shí),能遠(yuǎn)程控制動(dòng)源裝置以符合主機(jī)對(duì)所需的工作參數(shù)變化的要求。 氣壓傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的工作原理氣壓傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)控制可以在高溫、腐蝕、震動(dòng)、強(qiáng)磁、輻射、多灰塵、易燃、易爆等極其惡劣的環(huán)境下安全、可靠地工作,與其繼電器強(qiáng)電電路、計(jì)算機(jī)和PLC弱電電路相結(jié)合,實(shí)現(xiàn)了工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的機(jī)械化和自動(dòng)化。對(duì)于本次的電空閥氣密性試驗(yàn)用夾具的設(shè)計(jì),對(duì)于氣壓傳動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)的要求不是很高,所以采用了二位五通換向閥雙作用氣缸的換向回路。對(duì)氣缸結(jié)構(gòu)的要求一是重量盡量輕,以達(dá)到動(dòng)作靈活、運(yùn)動(dòng)速度高、節(jié)約材料和動(dòng)力,同時(shí)減少運(yùn)動(dòng)的沖擊,二是要有足夠的剛度以保證運(yùn)動(dòng)精度和定位精度。(πD2/4): 氣壓輸出力 氣壓輸出力缸徑為63mm,為了安全取缸徑為63mm查機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)(單行本)《氣壓傳動(dòng)與控制》得:電空閥氣密性試驗(yàn)用夾具中選SC63*100型號(hào)氣缸,因此缸徑為63mm,行程為100mm. 氣缸 氣缸的相關(guān)尺寸內(nèi)徑ABCDEFGHIJKL32140479328321522176M6140142499332341524177M6150150579338421532238M161. 5M6163153579638421532238801837510847542133402610內(nèi)徑MNOPQRSTVW32141/8``764533121040141/4``675037161450141/4``776247201763143/8``777456201780173/8``995702520結(jié)合圖表最終選擇了SC63*100的氣缸,: 氣缸實(shí)體圖 空壓機(jī)的選擇 氣源裝置是向氣動(dòng)系統(tǒng)提供所需壓縮空氣的動(dòng)力源,空壓機(jī)是氣壓發(fā)生裝置,是將機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)換為氣體壓力能的轉(zhuǎn)換裝置。因氣缸要求壓力,流量,由機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè),選換向閥的通徑為同理:二位五通電磁換向閥選3)選擇消聲器 氣缸,氣閥等工作時(shí)排氣速度快,氣體體積急劇膨脹,會(huì)產(chǎn)生刺耳的噪聲,這種噪聲損害人體的健康,惡化環(huán)境,為減小噪音通常在排氣口安裝消聲器。油霧器的作用是當(dāng)壓縮空氣流過時(shí),將潤(rùn)滑油噴射成霧狀,隨壓縮空氣流進(jìn)需要的潤(rùn)滑的部件,達(dá)到潤(rùn)滑的目的。 氣壓傳動(dòng)的缺點(diǎn)(1)由于空氣具有可壓縮性,因此工作速度穩(wěn)定性稍差。(4)氣動(dòng)裝置中的氣信號(hào)傳遞速度在聲速以內(nèi)比電子及光速慢,因此,氣動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)不宜用于元件級(jí)數(shù)過多的復(fù)雜回路;(5)目前氣壓傳動(dòng)的效率較低。20世紀(jì)30年代初,氣壓傳動(dòng)技術(shù)成功應(yīng)用于自動(dòng)門的開閉及各種機(jī)械的輔助動(dòng)作上。結(jié)束語(yǔ)隨著答辯時(shí)間的來臨,畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)也接近了尾聲。盡管我們對(duì)專業(yè)知識(shí)的掌握還不夠熟練,但是我還是希望通過自己的努力來完成這次設(shè)計(jì)。這次的設(shè)計(jì)是對(duì)我四年來所學(xué)的知識(shí)的綜合應(yīng)用,很多知識(shí)都已學(xué)過,通過這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì),將理論與實(shí)際緊密結(jié)合,使我以前不明白,不清楚的地方得到了充分的補(bǔ)充??梢宰屛覀?cè)谝院蟮墓ぷ髦懈玫倪\(yùn)用我們?cè)趯W(xué)校所學(xué)到的知識(shí)。 Z. Wang amp。 of physical behavior of materials。s basic responsibility is diligently causes the machine to adapt the people. This certainly is not an easy work, because certainly does not have to all people to say in fact all is the most superior operating area and the operating process. Another important question, project engineer must be able to carry on the exchange and the consultation with other concerned personnel. In the initial stage, designs the personnel to have to carry on the exchange and the consultation on the preliminary design with the administrative personnel, and is approved. This generally is through the oral discussion, the schematic diagram and the writing material carries on. If front sues, the machine design goal is the production can meet the human need the product. The invention, the discovery and technical knowledge itself certainly not necessarily can bring the advantage to the humanity, only has when they are applied can produce on the product the benefit. Thus, should realize to carries on before the design in a specific product, must first determine whether the people do need this kind of productMust regard as the machine design is the machine design personnel carries on using creative ability the product design, the system analysis and a formulation product manufacture technology good opportunity. Grasps the project elementary knowledge to have to memorize some data and the formula is more important than. The merely service data and the formula is insufficient to the pletely decision which makes in a good design needs. On the other hand, should be earnest precisely carries on all operations. For example, even if places wrong a decimal point position, also can cause the correct design to turn wrongly.A good design personnel should dare to propose the new idea, moreover is willing to undertake the certain risk, when the new method is not suitable, use original method. Therefore, designs the personnel to have to have to have the patience, because spends the time and the endeavor certainly cannot guarantee brings successfully. A brandnew design, the request screen abandons obsoletely many, knows very well the method for the people. Because many person of conservativeness, does this certainly is not an easy matter. A mechanical designer should unceasingly explore the improvement existing product the method, should earnestly choose originally, the process confirmation principle of design in this process, with has not unified it after the confirmation new idea.譯文:機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)摘要: 機(jī)器是由機(jī)械裝置和其它組件組成的。在分析運(yùn)動(dòng)及設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),要把產(chǎn)品外型以及以后的保養(yǎng)也要考慮在機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)中。在設(shè)計(jì)的初始階段,應(yīng)該允許設(shè)計(jì)人員充分發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造性,不要受到任何約束。很有可能在這個(gè)計(jì)劃最后決定中,使用了某些不在計(jì)劃之內(nèi)的一些設(shè)想。也要選擇原材料和處理原材料的方法。如果它的測(cè)試是符合事先要求的,則再將對(duì)初步設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行某些修改,使它能夠在制造成本上有所降低。產(chǎn)品的責(zé)任訴訟迫使設(shè)計(jì)人