【正文】 在開(kāi)采和挖掘工作中，常用的氣動(dòng)工具是沖擊鉆。 鉆具：旋轉(zhuǎn)式葉片氣動(dòng)馬達(dá)適應(yīng)于鉆具、鉸刀、敲打和螺絲安裝。輸出軸可以配備卡盤，與鉆機(jī)、研磨機(jī)或其它機(jī)械相連接。當(dāng)過(guò)載時(shí)，氣動(dòng)馬達(dá)不易發(fā)熱；氣動(dòng)馬達(dá)能耐得住反復(fù)停止及反轉(zhuǎn)而不受損害或過(guò)熱。隨著齒輪的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，空氣在齒輪與殼體間被擠壓，有進(jìn)氣口進(jìn)入，出氣口排出。 Pneumatic Motors and Tools Compressde air can be used for a wide variety of operations,such as:to drive air motors and air hammers,to operate air cylinders,to atomize liquids,to convery materials,to displace and agitate liquids,to serve as a cushion,to create a vacuum,to accelerate bustion,and to serve as a coolant and lubricant. An electric motor is a device in which electrical energy is converted into mechanical fluid motor is a device for converting fulid energy into mechanical this chapter,the main features of pneumatic motors and pneumatic tools are discussed. GENERAL TYPES OF AIR MOTORS Air motors may be divided into tow general type: (1) the rotary type and (2) the reciprocating type. The bination of a piston and cylinder is an example of the reciprocating type of example of the rotary motor are the vanetype and geartype motors. A rotary vanetype motor is rotating member,with its sliding vanes,it is trapped between the vane(which ride on the inside of the housing)and pushes to the the pressed air drives a rotating member. A geartype motor is pair of meshed gears rotate inside 6 a housing,As the gears rotate,the air is trapped between the gear teeth and housing,and pushes from the inlet to the the pressed air drives the gears. CHARACTERISTICS OF AIR MOTORS An air motor operates safely in an explosive atmosphere,and has a low installation cost,a rapid acceleration,and a high starting is pact,and its cariable speed can be changed. A typical curve for torque versus speed(rpm)for a rotarytype air motor is speed can be caried,in small steps,from zero a maximum by varying the air flow to the air flow rate to the motor can be varied by means of a valve in the inlet pressedair pressure at the air motor inlet can be contolled with an adjustable pressure regulator in the air inlet line。該裝載機(jī)可使裝載作業(yè)、建筑施工、安裝工程實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械化。 按照行走裝置的類型，可以分為履帶行走裝載機(jī)和輪胎式裝載機(jī)。履帶行走式裝載機(jī)具有良好的通過(guò)性，能產(chǎn)生很大的推進(jìn)力。在這些換裝裝置中，主要附件是鏟斗。thus torque can be controlled by means of the pressure air motor can be arranged to be recersible in speed direction,by means of a fourway shown,the speed decreases as the load motor can be stalled without any damage being done. A curve for horsepower versus speed for a rotarytype air motor is power output is at a maximum between zero and maximum output is proportional to the product of torque times angular or rotational speed(rpm). The speed,torque,and direction og rotation of an air motor can be controlled and adjusted to job example,reversible air motors are used to turn or screm studs into castings,when assembling air pressure to the air motor is regulated,so that the air motor stalls when the stud is driven to the correct this instance,the air motor starts off at high speed(very low torque),is quickly loaded so that it stalls,and is then air motor has no tendency to heat when it is overheating。壓縮空氣驅(qū)動(dòng)齒輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。氣動(dòng)馬達(dá)加速速度，因?yàn)閴嚎s空氣能以很高 的速度被釋放。 12 在起重機(jī)和重 型鉆機(jī)中，需要大功率低轉(zhuǎn)速，可用活塞式氣動(dòng)馬達(dá)。鉆具和鉸刀適用于鋼、木或其它材料加工。氣缸內(nèi)有活塞和鉆桿。 巖石鉆和風(fēng)鎬 第二種類型的氣動(dòng)工具包括各種類型的鉆石機(jī)和風(fēng)鎬。這類工具常用旋轉(zhuǎn)式葉片氣動(dòng)馬達(dá)，他們運(yùn)用于速度和功率范圍大的場(chǎng)合。固定在馬達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)子上的軸驅(qū)動(dòng)行星減速齒輪，使輸出軸的速度為需求的值。在這個(gè)例子中，氣動(dòng)馬達(dá)開(kāi)始時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)速很高（低轉(zhuǎn)矩），快速加載，快速停止，然后反向旋轉(zhuǎn)。 齒輪式馬達(dá)，是利用一對(duì)齒和齒輪在殼體內(nèi)旋轉(zhuǎn)來(lái)工作的。 有些裝載機(jī)用漏斗或料槽把物料送進(jìn)運(yùn)輸設(shè)備中。 單斗裝載機(jī)以履帶拖拉機(jī)或輪胎拖拉機(jī)作為行走機(jī)架。多斗裝載機(jī)用于大型倉(cāng)庫(kù)、公路工程以及需要連續(xù)作業(yè)的工作。輪胎裝載機(jī)機(jī)動(dòng)性能良好。裝載設(shè)備有三種不同的形式，即前卸式、翻轉(zhuǎn)式和側(cè)卸式。the motor can withstand repeated stalling and reversing without damage or air motor can