【正文】 out the suitable control measures of the haze weather for Huai River area in Henan through prehensive analysis, in order to improve the weather conditions of Huai River area in : Henan。我們在生活中：盡量不要出門，更不要早起鍛煉，對于老人和孩子來說，更要盡量減少霧天外出。除了能源利用這方面，還可以從以下幾方面去處理：人工降雨。霧霾天氣對公路、鐵路、航空、航運、供電系統(tǒng)、農(nóng)作物生長等均產(chǎn)生重要影響。除了氣象條件，工業(yè)生產(chǎn)、機動車尾氣排放、冬季取暖燒煤等導(dǎo)致的大氣中的顆粒物濃度增加，是霧霾產(chǎn)生的重要因素。關(guān)鍵詞：霧霾、環(huán)境、空氣污染 正文：最近，我國大部分地區(qū)出現(xiàn)了霧霾天氣，有的地方霧霾非常嚴重，嚴重影響了我們的日常生活。研究表明，轎車的污染是公共汽車的50倍，有軌電車的100 倍，大力發(fā)展公共交通運輸，可有效降低污染物的總排放量。對于居住環(huán)境的要求也是不斷的上升。但是真正了解的民眾其實還是比較少的。現(xiàn)代城市的發(fā)展，基地工地的揚塵和水泥灰塵，以及眾多的高樓大大廈，增大了地面摩擦系數(shù)，使風(fēng)流經(jīng)城區(qū)的速度明顯減弱。而且伴隨的其他空氣條件為晴天、無風(fēng)、或威風(fēng)，北京上空盛行西北或偏西風(fēng)流[9] ,此處兩者正好存在一致性。霧霾對公路、鐵路、航空、航運、供電系統(tǒng)、農(nóng)作物生長等均都產(chǎn)生重要影響。關(guān)鍵字：霧霾,氣溶膠粒子，熱島效應(yīng) 1前言根據(jù)氣象學(xué)上的定義[1]，霾是大量極細微的干塵粒等均勻地浮游在空中，使水平能見度小于10km的空氣普遍渾濁現(xiàn)象，, 某些吸水性強的干氣溶膠粒子會吸水、長大,并最終活化成云霧的凝結(jié)核, 產(chǎn)生更多、更小的云霧滴, 使能見度進一步降低, 低于1 km 時被定義為霧,而能見度在1~10 km ，相對濕度大于90%是霧，低于90%是霾［2］。而污染較嚴重的北京，在秋冬季節(jié)就會出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象。同時，機動車尾氣污染物也是重要的氣態(tài)污染物[17]。有時雖然每逢霧霾天氣是，氣象部門都會發(fā)布不同的預(yù)警信號，不同顏色登記的預(yù)警信號有什么區(qū)別，我們應(yīng)該采取什么樣的預(yù)防措施。畢竟，隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，人們不單單只是追求吃得飽睡得暖。這兩起大事件環(huán)境污染事件給我們敲響了警鐘，政府部門需要讓GDP 真正變輕、變綠，各級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部能夠普遍樹立起美好的生態(tài)環(huán)境即好的政績觀念[12]。對人體和對環(huán)境造成非常大的影響。由于霧霾天氣的濕度較高，水汽較大，霧滴提供了吸附和反應(yīng)場所加速反應(yīng)性氣態(tài)污染物向液態(tài)顆粒物成分的轉(zhuǎn)化，同時顆粒物也容易作為凝結(jié)核加速霧霾的生成，兩者相互作用，迅速形成污染。霧霾天氣時，由于空氣質(zhì)量差，能見度低，容易出現(xiàn)車輛追尾相撞，影響正常交通秩序，對大家出行造成不便，在日常行車行走時更應(yīng)該多觀察路況，以免發(fā)生危險。要大力發(fā)展對沼氣氣能源的開發(fā)和利用，利用沼氣發(fā)電；第三是限制高污染的燃料使用。人類共有一個地球，要共同維護人類生存環(huán)境。那么，我們河南淮河流域受到了什么程度的影響，對我們的生活又有什么危害，我們對此又能夠做些什么防范措施呢？本文主要通過對河南淮河流域主要地區(qū)近年來氣象數(shù)據(jù)（）的整理，分析該地區(qū)霧霾形成的原因，通過綜合分析，找出適合河南淮河流域霧霾天氣的防治措施，使河南淮河流域的霧霾天氣狀況得到改善。霧的存在使能室外見度惡化（），降低空氣透明度。近幾年來，我國的霧霾現(xiàn)狀呈現(xiàn)出愈演愈烈的趨勢，全國各大城市的天氣狀況令人堪憂。2013年的河南淮河流域霧霾天氣非常嚴重，那么近階段霧霾情況又是如何 呢？圖2（～）（圖2數(shù)據(jù)來源：://）從圖3可以很明顯的發(fā)現(xiàn)：近期許昌、鄭州、因此，霧霾的影響具有范圍廣、時間長、污染嚴重的特點。霧霾天氣的成因就與逆溫層有著非常緊密的聯(lián)系。第三，水平方向靜風(fēng)現(xiàn)象。長期吸入易致鼻炎、支氣管炎等癥。霧霾時對人們的健康影響也是非常大的，但往往容易被人們所忽視。環(huán)境問題事關(guān)人類的健康和生存，也一直是人們關(guān)心和科學(xué)研究的熱點課題。solutionsi 金陵科技學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 and the EmbodimentThe longest distance in the world is that I couldn’t see Chairman Mao even though I am right in front of the Tiananmen!Nowadays,“”and “Haze” have already been familiar to us, especially in Beijing and of the most popular iPad apps in Beijing at present is China Air Pollution app is both addictive and checked the numbers and discovered that the AQ level, which measures fine particulates that are especially dangerous, was 250 – about five times the level deemed in Nanjing, I experienced the that time, all the middle school students had two days off to keep away from the , we university students had classes as we are stronger than middle school students, but even they are kept indoors, it is hard to escape from the harm of , let’s talk about haze in the following definition of hazeWHO guidelines say average concentrations of the tiniest pollution particlesshould be no more than 25 microgrammes per cubic is unhealthy above 100 microgrammes and at 300, all children and elderly people should remain the deterioration of air quality, haze got worse and areas incorporated haze into the fog together as weather warning fact, there is a big difference between fog and haze in some example: fog occurs when the air is humid, while haze occurs when the air is relatively dry, the relative air humidity is usually below 60%.Its formation is due to a large number of very fine uniform floating dust particles, soot, salt, the air, causing the effective horizontal visibility less than 10KM air variation haze there is no large change in the air mass, haze lasts for a long time, sometimes over more than 10 the haze, mist, dust storms, blowing sand, dust, smoke and other weather phenomena are caused by floating in the air and a lot of very fine dust or smoke particles , in effective horizontal visibility is less than sometimes it is difficult for weather professionals to distinguish order to draw the right conclusions, weather professionals must bined the weather background, sky conditions, air humidity, odor and color satellite monitoring and other factors to make a prehensive analysis, but sometimes fog and haze can harm of haze The haze will affect not only health of people but also the economic, as well as the future of , once inhaled, the tiny particles can make people more vulnerable to respiratory infections, as well as leading to increased mortality from lung cancer and heart all know that losing a family member is how sorrowful, so haze may destroy not only a person, but 金陵科技學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 and the Embodiment also a , a number of foreigners won’t go to China for travelling because of haze, which will bring a loss to our , the decline of economic will in turn weaken national all, economic decides politics and this way, it will be difficult for us to make China Dream e and haze are “ killer ” for patients with cardiovascular disease, especially for those who with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, the had better not go out, nor do morning exercises, otherwise, it may induce the disease, or a heart attack, even causing point out that the reason why fog and haze are “dangerous days” for patients with cardiovascular disease is that the air pressure is low, oxygen decreases in the air when there is haze, so it39。楊文豐, 《北京文學(xué)》雜志社2013年第7期。它也能使大氣渾濁，視野模糊并導(dǎo)致能見度惡化，如果水平能見度小于10000米時，將這種非水成物組成的氣溶膠系統(tǒng)造成的視程障礙稱為霾(Haze)或灰霾（Dusthaze），香港天文臺稱煙霞(Haze)霧霾天氣：因為空氣質(zhì)量的惡化，霧霾天氣現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)增多，危害加重。大氣污染與控制論文在霧霾的形成中，大氣湍流較小，顆粒物污染物不易擴散，容易造成或加重空氣污染。由于液態(tài)水或者冰晶組成的霧散射的光與波長的關(guān)系不大，因此沒有發(fā)生明顯的折射和散射，霧會看起來是乳白色或者青色。3．2霧形成的天氣狀況霧是浮游在空中的大量微小水滴或冰晶，形成條件要具備較高的水汽飽和因素。靜風(fēng)現(xiàn)象增多，不利于大氣污染物向城區(qū)外圍擴展稀釋，并容易在城區(qū)內(nèi)積累高濃度污染。九月份開始，出現(xiàn)在我國中東部地區(qū)的冷空氣較少，并強度不大，地面風(fēng)速較小，有助于水汽在大氣地層積累，給霧霾天氣的形成創(chuàng)造了有利環(huán)境條件。使用汽油的小型車雖然排放的是地氣態(tài)污染物，比如氮氧化物等，但碰到霧天，很容易轉(zhuǎn)換成二次顆粒物，加重霧霾；其次 是北方的冬季燒煤供暖產(chǎn)生的廢氣；第三，是工業(yè)生產(chǎn)排放的廢氣。2013年初，著名醫(yī)學(xué)雜志《柳葉刀》（Lancet）發(fā)表了最新的全球疾病負擔(dān)評估（global burden of disease，GBD）項目研究結(jié)果。使區(qū)域極端氣候事件頻繁，氣象災(zāi)害連連。因此，患有心血管疾病的人，尤其是年老體弱者，不宜在霧天出門，更不宜在霧天晨練，以免發(fā)生危險；深層清潔人體表面的皮膚直接與外界空氣接觸，很容易受到霧霾天氣的傷害。（１）國家應(yīng)頒布強制性的法律法規(guī)，加大處罰力度。部分貪污腐敗官員對污染環(huán)境的行為睜一只眼閉一只眼，放縱工廠、企業(yè)任意破壞環(huán)境，排放污染物，這在一定程度上助長了不法分子的行為，使污染得不到有效解決。（２）減少機動車的使用，或者安裝汽車尾氣處理裝置。那么，我們何不以清潔能源代替煤炭石油呢？專家建議，制定更多引導(dǎo)、扶持政策，如拓展清潔能源籌資渠道、加大自主核心技術(shù)研發(fā)、發(fā)展延伸產(chǎn)業(yè)和服務(wù)等大氣污染與控制論文