【正文】 ses and your children and the person sitting next to you right now, all of them subject to this bias that is pretty deep and real in our all internalize it from a very early age without even having a language for what we?re to see the bias clearly you need to understand what introversion it?s different from being is about fear of social is more about, how do you respond to stimulation, including social extroverts really crave large amounts of stimulation, whereas introverts feel at their most alive and their most switched on and their most capable when they?re in quiet, more lowkey all the time, you know these things aren?t absolute, but a lot of the the key then to maximizing our talents is for us all to put ourselves in the zone of stimulation that is right for now here?s where the bias es most important institutions, our schools and our workplaces, they are designed mostly for extroverts, and for extroverts? need for lots of also we are living through this belief have this belief system right now that I call the new groupthink, whichholds that all creativity and all productivity e from a very oddly gregarious if you picture the typical classroom nowadays: When I was going to school, we sat in know, we sat in rows of desks like this, and we did most of our work pretty autonomously, but nowadays, your typical classroom has pods of desks, four or five or six or seven kids all facing each kids are working in countless group in subjects like math and creative writing, which you think, would depend on solo flights of are now expected to act as mittee for the kids who prefer to go off by themselves or just to work alone, those kids are seen as outliers often, or worse, as problem the vast majority of teachers? reports believing that the ideal student is an extrovert as opposed to an introvert, even though introverts actually get better grades and are more knowledgeable, according to , same thing is true in our now, most of us work in open plan offices, without walls, where we are subject to the constant noise and gaze of our when it es to leadership, introverts are routinely passed over for leadership positions, even though introverts tend to be very careful, much less likely to take outsize risks, which is something we might all favor interesting research by Adam Grant at the Wharton School has found that introverted leaders often deliver better outes than extroverts do, because when they are managing proactive employees, they?re much morelikely to let those employees run with their ideas, whereas an extrovert can, quite unwittingly, get so excited about things that they?re putting their own stamp on things, and other people?s ideas might not as easily then bubble up to the in fact, some of our transformative leaders in history have been ?ll give you some Roosevelt, Rosa Parks, Gandhi, all these people described themselves as quiet and softspoken and even they all took the spotlight, even though every bone in their bodies was telling them not this turns out to have a special power all its own, because people could feel these leaders were at the helm, not because they enjoyed directing others and not out of the pleasure of being looked were there because they had no choice。ll tell you, what helps even more is my sense, my belief, my hope that when it es to our attitudes to introversion and to quiet and to solitude, we truly are poised on the brink on dramatic mean, we so i am going to leave you now with three calls for action for those who share this one: stop the madness for constant group stop it.(laughter)thank you.(applause)and i want to be clear about what i39。s “the guide for the perplexed” by these are not exactly my brought these books with me because they were written by my grandfather39。re living in 39。t even be in a group of people without instinctively mirroring, mimicking their about seemingly personal and visceral things like who you39。ll give you some roosevelt, rosa parks, gandhiall these peopled described themselves as quiet and softspoken and even they all took the spotlight, even though every bone in their bodies was telling them not this turns out to have a special power all its own, because people could feel that these leaders were at the helm, not because they enjoyed directing others and not out of the pleasure of being looked at。s different from being is about fear of social is more about, how do you respond to stimulation, including social extroverts really crave large amounts of stimulation, whereas introverts feel at their most alive and their most switchedon and their most capable when they39。s our loss for sure, but it is also our colleagues39。s the way we spell , rowdie, let39。s when it es to creativity and to leadership, we need introverts doing what they do third to a half of the population are introvertsa third to a that39。s where the bias es most important institutions, our schools and our workplaces, they are designed mostly for extroverts and for extroverts39。s no such thing as a pure introvert or a pure said that such a man would be in a lunatic asylum, if he existed at some people fall smack in the middle of the introvert/extrovert spectrum, and we call these people i often think that they have the best of all many of us do recognize ourselves as one type or the what i39。re groups famously follow the opinions of the most dominant or charismatic person in the room, even though there39。d like to share with you what39。s reading and he would weave these intricate tapestries of ancient and humanist people would e from all over to hear him here39。s great for we need much more privacy and much more freedom and much more autonomy at , same need to be teaching kids to work together, for sure, but we also need to be teaching them how to work on their is especially important for extroverted children need to work on their own because that is where deep thought es from in , number two: go to the like buddha, have your own