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鎖桿導(dǎo)向架落料沖孔復(fù)合模設(shè)計(jì)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(更新版)

  

【正文】 當(dāng)采用彈性卸料裝置和下出件的模具時(shí) ,總的沖壓力 zF 為 推卸 PPPFz ??? )( ???? (313) 壓力機(jī)公稱壓力的確定 及 初 選壓力機(jī) 為保證壓力足夠,一般沖裁時(shí)壓力機(jī)的噸位應(yīng)比計(jì)算的沖裁力大 30%左右,即 KNKNF Z 4 1 39。雖沒(méi)有無(wú)廢料排樣材料的利用率高,但制件的精度可以得到保證。采用復(fù)合模生產(chǎn)。 表 11 沖裁件最小圓角半徑 R ,孔邊距 b孔間距 b2不能太小,一般取 b1=、 b2=2t。因此 工 件外形可采用落料工藝獲得??梢?jiàn),隨著汽車行業(yè)的發(fā)展,冷沖模在模具工業(yè)中的比例越來(lái)越大,經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展也將越來(lái)越迅速,這體現(xiàn)了模具工業(yè)在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的重要性。目前,模具技術(shù)已成為衡量一個(gè)國(guó)家產(chǎn)品制造水平高低的最重要標(biāo)志。所以,只 有在沖壓件生產(chǎn)批量較大的情況下,沖壓加工的優(yōu)點(diǎn)洛陽(yáng)理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 2 才能充分體現(xiàn),從而獲得較好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。 與機(jī)械加工及塑性加工的其它方法相比,沖壓加工無(wú)論在技術(shù)方面還是經(jīng)濟(jì)方面都具有許多獨(dú)特的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 涉密論文按學(xué)校規(guī)定處理。對(duì)本研究提供過(guò)幫助和做出過(guò)貢獻(xiàn)的個(gè)人或集體,均已 在文中作了明確的說(shuō)明并表示了謝意。 鎖桿導(dǎo)向架落料沖孔復(fù)合模設(shè)計(jì) 摘要 冷沖壓是在常溫下使板料經(jīng)分離或成形而得到制件的加工方法。盡我所知,除文中特別加以標(biāo)注和致謝的地方外,不包含其他人或組織已經(jīng)發(fā)表或公布過(guò)的研究成果,也不包含我為獲得 及其它教育機(jī)構(gòu)的學(xué)位或?qū)W歷而使用過(guò)的材料。本人授權(quán) 大學(xué)可以將本學(xué)位論文的全部或部分內(nèi)容編入有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)進(jìn)行檢索,可以采用影印、縮印或掃描等復(fù)制手段保存和匯編本學(xué)位論文。沖壓工藝與模具、沖壓設(shè)備和沖壓材料構(gòu)成沖壓加工的三要素,只有它們相互結(jié)合才能得出沖壓件。 但是,沖壓加工所使用的模具一般具有專用性,有時(shí)一個(gè)復(fù)雜零件需要數(shù)套模具才能加工成形,且模具制造的精度高,技術(shù)要求高,是技術(shù)密集形產(chǎn)品。因?yàn)?,模具生產(chǎn)的最終產(chǎn)品的價(jià)值,往往是模具價(jià)格的幾十倍,上百倍。汽車、摩托車行業(yè)是冷沖模的最大市場(chǎng),其占整個(gè)模具市場(chǎng)的一半左右。 洛陽(yáng)理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 4 第 1 章 零件的 工藝性分析 沖裁件的工藝性分析 沖裁 件的工藝性 要求:設(shè)計(jì)以 下工件的落料沖孔復(fù)合模,工 件圖如下所示: 圖 11 工 件圖 技術(shù)要求: :鎖桿導(dǎo)向架 : Q195A : :大批量 工藝 性:支板屬于中等尺寸 工 件,料厚 ,外形復(fù)雜程度一般,尺寸精度要求一般, 工 件材料為 Q195A,是碳素結(jié)構(gòu)鋼,具有良好的塑性,市場(chǎng)上容易得到這種材料,價(jià)格適中。 2>( ~ 1) ,滿足沖裁件最小圓角半徑。 方案二:落料 ——沖孔復(fù)合模。 洛陽(yáng)理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 7 第 3 章 主要工藝參數(shù)計(jì)算 排樣的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算 排樣的設(shè)計(jì) 該零件是矩形零件,直排時(shí)材料的利用率較高。 沖裁力 P=,K 卸、 K 頂、 K 推 由表 33 查得 K 卸 =,K 頂 =,K 推 =。 尺寸 0 ? ,查表 34 得,凸模制造公差 T? =,凹模制造公差A(yù)? =。 卸料方式的選擇 本模具采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),沖孔廢料和工件留在凹模孔洞中,為簡(jiǎn)化模具結(jié)構(gòu),在下模座中開(kāi)有通槽,使廢料和工件從孔洞中落下。凹模的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)圖如圖 51 所示: 圖 51 凹模的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)圖 沖孔凸模的 設(shè)計(jì) 選用直通式凸模,采用線切割加工,凸模長(zhǎng)度一般是根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)上的需要而確定的,采用彈性卸料板,其凸模長(zhǎng)度用下列公式計(jì)算: L=h1+h2 (55) 式中 L—凸模長(zhǎng)度, mm h1—凸模固定板厚度, mm h2—凹模厚度, mm 計(jì)算得,凸模長(zhǎng)度 L=15+25=40mm。 固定擋料銷的設(shè)計(jì)根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件,選用擋料銷如圖 54 圖 54 固定擋料銷的結(jié)構(gòu) 選用直徑 d=Φ10 ? mm, d1=υ6mm, h=3mm, L=13mm,材料為 45鋼的 A 型固定擋料銷。這種模柄用螺釘、銷釘與上模座緊固在一起 ,適用于較大的模具。墊板的外形尺寸可與固定板相同,其厚度一般取 3~ 10mm。螺釘用于固定模具零件,一般選用內(nèi)六角螺釘;銷釘起定位作用,常用圓柱銷釘。 滑塊行程 滑塊行程應(yīng)保證坯料能順利地放入模具和沖壓能順利地從模 具中取出 .這里只是材料的厚度 t=,凸模沖入凹模的最大深度 4mm,導(dǎo)料板的厚度 H=12,即 S1=(+12+4)mm=S=100mm,所以得以校核 . 行程次數(shù) 行程次數(shù)為 45/ ,又是手工送料 ,不能太快 ,因此是得以校核 .滿足使用要求。 模具的閉合高度: H 閉 =h1+h2+h3+h4+h5+h6+h7+h8,代入數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算得 H 閉 =( 40+10+15+25+10+34+25+50) mm=205mm 由壓力機(jī)型號(hào)知 Hm ax=220mm M=45mm Hd=10mm Hmin=Hm ax–M=22045=175mm(M 為閉合高度調(diào)節(jié)量 /m) 由 公式: (HmaxHd)5≥ H≥ (Hm inHd)+10 得 (220–10)5≥205≥(175–10)+10 即 205mm≥205mm≥175mm,所以所選壓力機(jī)合適 ,即壓力機(jī)得以校核。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中通過(guò)查閱資料,發(fā)現(xiàn)模具的設(shè)計(jì)可以根據(jù)不同要求和模具工作環(huán)境,設(shè)計(jì)與之相符的模具。在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中方老師的淵博知識(shí)和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn) 的治學(xué)態(tài)度以及平和的人生態(tài)度是值得我終生學(xué)習(xí)的,是我以后工作的楷模。 45 45 35 35 30 30 30 工作臺(tái)尺寸 左右 a mm 250 310 370 450 560 610 700 前后 b mm 160 200 240 300 370 380 460 ?洛陽(yáng)理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 35 外文資料翻譯 PLAIN CARBON STEEL Any steel making process is capable of producing a product that has % or less carbon. With this small amount of carbon, the properties approach of pure iron with maximum ductility and minimum strength. Maximum ductility is desirable from the standpoint of ease in deformation processing and service use. Minimum strength is desirable for deformation processing. However, higher strengths than that obtainable with this low carbon are desirable from the standpoint of product design. The most practical means of increasing the strength is by the addition or retention of some carbon. However, it should be fully understood that any increase of strength over that pure iron can be obtained only at the expense of some loss of ductility, and the final choice is always a promise of some degree. Because of the difficulty of position contro l or the additional operation of increasing carbon content, the cost of higher carbon, higher strength steel is greater than of low carbon. Plain Carbon Steels Most Used. Because of their low cost, the majority of steels used are plain carbon steels. These consist of iron bined with carbon concentrated in there ranges classed as low carbon,medium carbon, and high carbon. With the exception of manganese used to control sulphur, other elements are present only in small enough quantities to be considered as impurities, though in some cases they may have minor effect on properties of the material. Low Carbon. Steel with approximately 6 to 25 points of carbon (%~ %)are rated as low carbon steels and are rarely hardened by heat treatment because the low carbon content permits so little formation of hard magnesite that the process is relatively ineffective. Enormous tonnages of these low carbon steels are processed in such structural shapes as sheet, 洛陽(yáng)理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 36 strip,rod,plate,pipe,and wire. A large portion of the material is cold worked in its final processing to improve its hardness, strength, and surface finish grades containing 20 points or less of carbon are susceptible to considerable plastic flow and are frequently used as deepdrawn products or may be used as a ductile core for casehardened material. The low lain carbon steels are reality brazed, welded, and fed. Medium Carbon. The medium carbon steels (%~ %)contain sufficient carbon that they may be heat treated for desirable strength, hardness, machinability, or other properties. The hardness of plain carbon steels in this range cannot be increased sufficiently for the material to serve satisfactorily as cutting tools,but the loadcarrying capacity of the steels can be raised considerably, while still retaining sufficient ductility for good toughness. The majority of the steel is furnished in the hotrolled condition and is often machined for final finishing. It can be welded,but is more difficult to join by this method than the low carbon steel because of structural changes caused by welding heat in localized areas. High Carbon. High carbon steel contains from 50 to 160 points of carbon (%~ %). Th
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