【正文】 centred education studentcentred education moneyorientedquality education 素質(zhì)教育?cram for examinations突擊考試, ?stuff 塞materials?memorise背, memorisation, ?rote learning死記硬背?Testtaking techniques應(yīng)試技巧壞處：?discourage critical thinking 打擊評判性思維?students stop questioning what they 2 are being taught?學(xué)生們不去質(zhì)問他們學(xué)習(xí)的東西?conduce to academic performance有助學(xué)習(xí)表現(xiàn)?Adversely influence 負(fù)面地影響（動作）Exert adverse/unfavorable influence on對。: 這個詞的搭配能力非常強(qiáng)，比如educational system, legal system, economic system等等，只要形容詞后面加上這個詞，其實就成了形容詞本身可以變化的名詞，上面三個例子就可以理解為教育，法律或者經(jīng)濟(jì)。: “一直處于某狀態(tài)”，后面一般使用形容詞。當(dāng)然，如果用future，就可以加個修飾語，比如foreseeable future等等。: “問題”，中性詞，我們平常使用的problem是貶義詞，因此比如網(wǎng)絡(luò)問題等詞組都應(yīng)當(dāng)用issue來表達(dá)。 ignorant about something: “對…沒有引起足夠重視”，表示沒有意識到。 / novel: “新的”，比如fresh idea等，都可以用來替代我們經(jīng)常使用的new。: “執(zhí)行”法律法規(guī)，通常用于作文結(jié)束部分，對某個社會問題提出解決辦法時使用。 / illustrate: “說明，表明”，用在圖表作文中替代show，reveal等單詞。 such circumstances: “在這類情況下”，寫作時用于總結(jié)某個內(nèi)容。: “其他的選擇或辦法”，比如an alternative is that… 就相當(dāng)于in addition（除此 之外）了。s?t?] = power = skill ：job = career = employment = profession ：enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment ： children = offspring = kid★ 短語：：be filled with = be full of ：struggle for = strive for = spare no efforts for ： take up = set about = go in for : in contemporary society = in presentday society= in this day and age : a host of = a vast number of = a vast amount of詞的替換,characters,folks替換(people ,persons)2: positive, favorable, rosy(美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect, excellent, outstanding, superior替換good3: dreadful, unfavorable, poor, ill(有害的)替換bad, 如果bad做表語，可以有be less impressive替換4: a slice of, quiet a few , several替換some5: harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that，it is widely shared that，it is universally acknowledged that替think(因為是書面語，所以要加that)6:affair ,business ,matter 替換thing 7: shared 代 mon huge fruits 替換get many benefits)9: for my part ,from my own perspective 替換 in my opinion10..beneficial, rewarding替換helpful，,client,consumer,purchaser,換 customer appeals to sb，fascination on sb 替換sb take interest in / interested in one39。hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替think(因為是書面語，所以要加that) ,business ,matter 代替thing 代 mon huge fruits 代替get much benefit） my part ,from my own perspective 代替in my opinion (ly),growing 代替more and more(注意沒有g(shù)rowingly這種形式。s attention代替attract one39。: “足夠的”，用來替代經(jīng)常被使用的enough。 importance to something: 表示“重視，強(qiáng)調(diào)”，替代pay attention to。 / repeat one’s experience / success: “借鑒別人的經(jīng)驗，成功經(jīng)驗”。這三個單詞一般都用在消極的單詞上。: 這個詞才是文化，教育等方面的“交流”，而不是munication。 rise to something: “引發(fā)，導(dǎo)致…的出現(xiàn)”，積極消極概念都可以使用。 / stimulate: “鼓勵”，替代encourage。: “主要的”，用來替代main。: “（廣泛，大范圍）的從事”，常與laws and regulations, policy或其他類似范疇的單詞連用，用來替代carry out。: 過去式和過去分詞為shrank，shrunk，“縮小，減少”，用來替代我們經(jīng)常使用的decrease。 it es to something: “當(dāng)我們談到…時”，用于文章開頭。的機(jī)會, ?give me a sense of satisfaction/acplishment給我一種滿足感、成就感, ?apply what I have learnt to my job把我學(xué)的用在工作中, ?put my talent into full play充分發(fā)揮我的天分, ?improve my interpersonal and municative skills提高我的人際交往和交流能力, improve my independence獨(dú)立能力,?wellfare福利?benefit future development將來的發(fā)展, ?不好: ?demanding難做的, ?stressful有壓力的, ?tiring累人的, exhausting令人筋疲力盡的,?boring無聊的, ?routine work常規(guī)工作, ?repetitive重復(fù)性的, ?work overtime/extra hours加班?workaholic工作狂, ?repetitive strain injuries職業(yè)病, ?adverse conditions惡劣的工作條件, ?Personnel, human resources 人力資源,媒體?媒體: mediummedia:read newspapers?watch TV programs?surf the Internet?see movies?uptodate information最新的信息, ?access ?The internet enables people to have easy access to various ：reporter, journalist, paparazzi 狗仔隊（復(fù)數(shù)）tabloid ?讀者群Readership?觀眾audience?報道：news coverage/TV coverage好處: ?provide us with rich information給我們提供豐富的信息, ?entertain us是我們得到娛樂, ?enable people to relax使人們得到放松, ?disseminate/spread knowledge傳播知識, ?keep people wellinformed使人信息靈通 download, upload, write your blogs, share your feelings with friends壞處: ?information overload/explosion, 信息爆炸?Uncensored information corrupts childre