【正文】
e should take 39。s(well)worth while doing/ to do例It39。that 。must leave。同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋?zhuān)f(shuō)明名詞的具體內(nèi)容,一般由that引導(dǎo),例如:1)The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the )The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the 同位語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說(shuō)明的名詞后面,而是被別的詞隔開(kāi)。如:正確表達(dá):I admire their winning the :I admire that they won the 有些動(dòng)詞不可用于“動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+that從句“結(jié)構(gòu)中,常見(jiàn)的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。,例如:Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one 。例如:正確表達(dá):It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or :Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.(5)含主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句是疑問(wèn)句時(shí),主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如:a)It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the 。除收錄詞匯量和解釋不夠詳盡外,在你對(duì)英語(yǔ)的詞匯、語(yǔ)法和語(yǔ)音運(yùn)用還不十分熟練的情況下,“雙解”基本派不上用場(chǎng)。培養(yǎng)良好的語(yǔ)感是地道的外語(yǔ)的關(guān)鍵。比如“祈使句”的規(guī)則。背單詞最忌諱的習(xí)慣:。自學(xué)的困難:遇到問(wèn)題,您不能象在校的學(xué)生那樣可以隨時(shí)請(qǐng)教身邊的人,大多數(shù)情況下您只能借助參考書(shū)籍來(lái)解決問(wèn)題,但是很多情況下“書(shū)籍不是萬(wàn)能的”;自學(xué)的困惑:當(dāng)遇到問(wèn)題時(shí)雖然找到了答案,但往往會(huì)“不確信”,況且,語(yǔ)言是一種自然形成的東西,規(guī)律(也就是語(yǔ)法)是人們的總結(jié),諸多規(guī)律之外的東西并不在語(yǔ)法書(shū)籍上。記筆記的另一個(gè)好處是,當(dāng)“混淆不清”的情況出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候,就可以從中找到答案。這里,我們只說(shuō)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法。而前綴通常會(huì)改變?cè)~義,結(jié)合語(yǔ)音和構(gòu)詞法規(guī)律等,把不同的詞進(jìn)行歸類(lèi)組合,能夠大大提高學(xué)習(xí)效率。掌握規(guī)律后在腦海中反復(fù)練習(xí)并建立詞的音和形對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,達(dá)到記憶單詞的目的。否則,即使知道“回”字有四種寫(xiě)法,又有什么現(xiàn)實(shí)意義呢?讓語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)生動(dòng)起來(lái)有些同學(xué)認(rèn)為語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)十分枯燥無(wú)味,是一個(gè)苦差事??傮w來(lái)說(shuō)高中高考的重點(diǎn)就在我們前面所說(shuō)的語(yǔ)法中。最后,狀語(yǔ)從句相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)比較復(fù)雜,因?yàn)樗N類(lèi)繁多比較難記。課文中出現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目,是有血有肉的,不是干巴巴的。因此,時(shí)間上要做出合理的安排。再如把“I saw a man this morning.”和“The man is my teacher.”改為“The man I saw this morning is my teacher.”;把“I saw a film last night.”和“The film was very amusing.”改為“The film I saw last night was very amusing.”這種練習(xí)雖然是枯燥的,卻是重要的基本功,把定語(yǔ)從句練到脫口而出的地步。句型學(xué)習(xí)是通過(guò)聽(tīng)說(shuō)領(lǐng)先的方法去學(xué)習(xí)傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法里最常用的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目(把它們變?yōu)榫湫腿ゲ倬殻?。t as he is ,he knows a ):用于省略if 的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,把助動(dòng)詞were,had,should提到主語(yǔ)前面。如:From the valley came a frightening ):為平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu),或使上下文銜接緊密,表語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí),倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為:表語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)1,“形容詞+連系動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”如:Present at the meeting were my ,“過(guò)去分詞+連系動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”如:Gone are the days when we were ,“介詞短語(yǔ)+be+主語(yǔ)”如:Among the goods are flowers and ):部分倒裝:只把系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主句之前。如:It39。3):在would rather引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中當(dāng)從句表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的時(shí)間時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去式;表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。s illness accounts for his ing late for :1:一些特殊句式,如It is no good(no use,fun,a wast of time)+doingThere is no.....+doing2:動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的一般規(guī)則是:邏輯主語(yǔ)是有生命的名詞,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),須用名詞的所有格形式或形容詞性物主代詞;作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),可用普通格或人稱代詞賓格?!保ㄒ浴吨袊?guó)人學(xué)英語(yǔ)》)課文是學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的“重要基地”。t he?(定語(yǔ)從句;反意疑問(wèn)句)B:Exactly.這種回答不但練了定語(yǔ)從句,而且復(fù)習(xí)了一般疑問(wèn)句和反意疑問(wèn)句,也給名詞從句的學(xué)習(xí)打了“埋伏”。每學(xué)一個(gè)項(xiàng)目,首先要把單項(xiàng)練習(xí)練熟,然后過(guò)渡到綜合練習(xí),最后則應(yīng)做到擴(kuò)大運(yùn)用。至于他是否知道possessive(所有格),indicative(直陳語(yǔ)言),third person(第三人稱),article(冠詞)等名稱,那是另一問(wèn)題。舉個(gè)極簡(jiǎn)單的例子說(shuō),任何人寫(xiě)或講“My mother studies English.”這一句,決不可把My改作I或Me,也不可把studies改作study或studys,也不可在English前面加上the。所學(xué)的句型應(yīng)該是由淺入深,由簡(jiǎn)到繁;講求熟練掌握,不要貪多冒進(jìn)。A:Do you know who Edgar Snow was?(一般疑問(wèn)句;賓語(yǔ)從句)B:Yes,he was an American writer who interviewed Chairman Mao in Beijing.(定語(yǔ)從句)A:Oh,now I remember.He was the author who wrote“Red Star Over China”,wasn39?!庇终f(shuō):“詞語(yǔ)要嵌在上下文里才有生命,才容易記住,才知道用法。動(dòng)詞不定式相當(dāng)于名詞,形容詞,副詞,可做主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),賓補(bǔ),表語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ)(即謂語(yǔ)以外的所有句子成分);動(dòng)名詞相當(dāng)于名詞,可做主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),定語(yǔ);分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞,副詞,可做賓補(bǔ),表語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ);(2)語(yǔ)態(tài):若邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者,則用主動(dòng);若邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者,則用被動(dòng);若邏輯主語(yǔ)既不是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者也不是承受者,則:動(dòng)詞不定式用獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞用復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)分詞用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)舉例:A)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ):To finish my homework is my :I want to have a wise :I want you to attend the :You job is to earn :He is to go to :I get up early in order to recite the :To tell you the turth,I am a :1:有些賓語(yǔ)的不定式有自己的補(bǔ)語(yǔ),則應(yīng)用it做形式賓語(yǔ),而將真正的賓語(yǔ)后置,如:I think it important to study English :不定式一般不做介詞的賓語(yǔ),除在極少數(shù)介詞后才行(如but,except),此時(shí)動(dòng)詞不定式可帶to也可不帶to,如:He seldom es except(to)see my )動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ):Reading is my :The old need looking :I am :He was looking the hanging :Alan39。2):wish引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句有三種情況:1,現(xiàn)在:用過(guò)去式;2,過(guò)去:用過(guò)去完成時(shí);3,將來(lái):用(would/could)+do。s(high)time that……that從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣:謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或should do。如:Here it ):當(dāng)句首為表示地點(diǎn)的介詞詞組時(shí),也常引起全部倒裝。如: Try as you would, you might fail as she is,she isn39。那么,怎樣學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法呢?下面擬從四個(gè)方面簡(jiǎn)要談一談:(1)練好基本句型我國(guó)近年來(lái)的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)實(shí)踐證明:在初學(xué)階段,采用聽(tīng)說(shuō)領(lǐng)先、學(xué)習(xí)基本句型的方法去學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法,是行之有效的。把“I read a novel yesterday.”和“It was extremely Interesting.”這兩個(gè)單句改為“The novel I read yesterday was extremely interesting.”這就是定語(yǔ)從句的單項(xiàng)練習(xí)。在句型學(xué)習(xí)階段必須注意:在聽(tīng)、說(shuō)領(lǐng)先的前提下,寫(xiě)、讀要跟上,力求聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、寫(xiě)、讀四會(huì)均衡發(fā)展。它們有機(jī)地結(jié)合在課文里。名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞全部是初中就已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)的那些疑問(wèn)詞的使用,按照那種方式使用就可以了。例如詞類(lèi)(名詞,冠詞,代詞......)還有我們的特殊句式。英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)最重要的是學(xué)會(huì)應(yīng)用,讀懂了、會(huì)用了,這就行了,完全沒(méi)有必要再繼續(xù)花時(shí)間去對(duì)無(wú)關(guān)大局的細(xì)微之處進(jìn)行孔乙己式的學(xué)究型探討,更不要被語(yǔ)法規(guī)則束縛住手腳。高中英語(yǔ)單詞學(xué)習(xí)方法在英語(yǔ)單詞學(xué)習(xí)中,利用語(yǔ)音及構(gòu)詞法記憶單詞是最常用及有效的方法。如后綴可以使某些詞類(lèi)發(fā)生變化。語(yǔ)法是構(gòu)成英語(yǔ)的骨架,單詞要考語(yǔ)法構(gòu)架的支撐才會(huì)記牢和靈活的應(yīng)用。,一定要養(yǎng)成記筆記的良好習(xí)慣,記筆記為了什么?只記筆記而不把他變成自己的知識(shí)等于沒(méi)記,因此,這些筆記要用心背記。那么首先給您的忠告是:“一定要堅(jiān)持”、“堅(jiān)持就會(huì)成功”。只背單詞而不去運(yùn)用,很快就會(huì)忘記,因此“讀熟”以致“運(yùn)用”是記憶單詞的關(guān)鍵。第二步:涉及的語(yǔ)法一定弄懂。在讀的過(guò)程中會(huì):加深單詞的記憶、熟悉語(yǔ)法的結(jié)構(gòu)、培養(yǎng)良好的語(yǔ)感。建議學(xué)習(xí)者在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的初級(jí)階段不要使用“雙解詞典”。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)也可用who/whom。例如:正確表達(dá):It occurred to him that he failed in the :That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(4)It doesn’t matter how/whether ?結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如:She told me that she would accept my 。這類(lèi)詞后可以用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),但不可以用that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。例如: 1)The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short )This is why we can’t get the support of the )But the fact remains that we are behind the other )The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early 同位語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語(yǔ)的名詞性從句。should leaveC./。that。s while doing/to do… It39。s(about/high)time that? should /ved?是該做某事的時(shí)候了例It39。s while/a waste of time/money/energy/words)(verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)例I39。t e to school ? until結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)必須把not與until一起放到被強(qiáng)調(diào)的位置上例It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was my 例It was at 7 o39。t be alive 39。re late for class it(1).相當(dāng)于say, insist表示“說(shuō),主張,表明,硬說(shuō)”例Rumour has it that they are getting divorced.(2).相當(dāng)于get to know something,表示“了解,知道,獲悉”例I had it from John that she was going what it takes在口語(yǔ)中,相當(dāng)于be well qualified for, 表示“具有成功的條件”例You can take it from me that your daughter has what it takes to be a it seems / at it!(Don39。s of value, 表示“不管其價(jià)值如何”例Here is the article I promise you, for what it39。t think ____ possible to master a foreign language without much memory (91) ______ matter if he can39。b)Your advice made me happy but(your advice made)Tom 。ll ,要不然你會(huì)后悔的。此時(shí)構(gòu)成連詞(if , unless ,when , whenever)+形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)。b)He wants to find a good place(where/that)we can have a piic during the “golden week ”。2)由 which , when ,where , how,和 why 引導(dǎo)的 賓語(yǔ)從句,可以全部或部分省略。