【正文】 AD 0 * 2 = 0 AF 6 * 2 = 12 FB 8 * 2 = 16 AD 0 * 2 = 0 FD 6 * 2 = 12 DF 6 * 2 = 12 Total 58 Total 70 A B C D E FA C D B E F C A D B F E A F C E D B 48 Product Layout: 生產(chǎn)布局 Key Terms 重要術(shù)語(yǔ) ? Product Interval Time 生產(chǎn)時(shí)間間隔 ? The time between products being pleted (processed through) at a single station (process step). Also cycle time or takt time. 生產(chǎn)周期 ? Product Duration (Throughput) ? The overall time required to entirely plete an individual ? Assembly Line Balancing 裝配線平衡 ? Assignment of tasks to workstations within a given cycle time and with minimum idle worker 生產(chǎn)周期里給工作站安排任務(wù)，并且最小化空閑工人的時(shí)間 49 Assembly Line Balancing Steps 裝配線平衡步驟 1. Specify the sequential relationships among tasks using a precedence diagram. 用先后次序圖說(shuō)明任務(wù)的順序關(guān)系 2. Determine the required takt (T) 3. Determine the theoretical minimum number of workstations (Nt) required to satisfy the takt time 4. Select a primary rule by which tasks are to be assigned to workstations and a secondary rule to break 要規(guī)則以打破節(jié)點(diǎn) 50 Assembly Line Balancing Steps 裝配線平衡步驟 5. Assign tasks, one at a time, to the first workstation until the sum of the task times is equal to the takt time. Continue assigning tasks to other workstations until all tasks are ，一次一個(gè)，從第一個(gè)工作站直到總的任務(wù)時(shí)間等于 takt time。 53 Example of Line Balancing 裝配線平衡例子 ? You’ve just been assigned the job a setting up an electric fan assembly line with the following tasks: 你剛剛被指派建立一個(gè)電風(fēng)扇裝配線，工作如下： T a s k T i m e ( M i ns ) De s c r i pti o n P r e de c e s s o r sA 2 As s e m b l e f r a m e No n eB 1 Mo u n t s w i t c h AC 3 . 2 5 As s e m b l e m o t o r h o u s i n g No n eD 1 . 2 Mo u n t m o t o r h o u s i n g i n f r a m e A, CE 0 . 5 At t a c h b l a d e DF 1 As s e m b l e a n d a t t a c h s a f e t y g r i l l EG 1 At t a c h c o r d BH 1 . 4 T e s t F, G54 Example of Line Balancing:裝配線平衡例子 Structuring the Precedence Diagram構(gòu)造先后次序圖 Task Predecessors A None A B A B C None C D A, C D Task Predecessors E D E F E F G B G H E, G H 55 Example of Line Balancing:裝配線平衡例子 Precedence Diagram 先后次序圖 A C B D E F G H 2 1 .5 1 1 問(wèn)題 :哪個(gè)步驟決定了最大的生產(chǎn)率 Which process step defines the maximum rate of production? 答 : Task C is the cycle time of the line and therefore, the maximum rate of production. C是生產(chǎn)線的周期，因此他決定了最大的生產(chǎn)率。 76 服務(wù)業(yè)設(shè)施規(guī)劃 ? Goals of Service Facility Layouts ? Minimize travel time for workers and customers ? Maximize revenues from customers ? Types of Service Layouts ? Process layout—emergency rooms ? Product layout—cafeteria line ? Fixedposition layout—automobile repair shop 77 服務(wù)業(yè)設(shè)施規(guī)劃 ? Servicescape 服務(wù)場(chǎng)景 ? The aspects of the physical surroundings in a service operation that can affect a customer’s perception of the service received. ? Ambient conditions 環(huán)境條件 ? Noise, lighting, and temperature ? Spatial layout and functionality 空間規(guī)劃及功能 ? Minimizing employee travel time and maximizing revenue opportunities from customers ? Signs, symbols, and artifacts 品牌、標(biāo)記和裝飾品 ? Objects that create positive images of the firm