【正文】 ive the device from an external clock source, XTAL2 should be left unconnected while XTAL1 is driven as shown in Figure 2. There are no requirements on the duty cycle of the external clock signal, since the input to the internal clocking circuitry is through a dividebytwo flipflop, but minimum and maximum voltage high and low time specifications must be observed.Idle ModeIn idle mode, the CPU puts itself to sleep while all the onchip peripherals remain active. The mode is invoked by software. The content of the onchip RAM and all the special functions registers remain unchanged during this mode. The idle mode can be terminated by any enabled interrupt or by a hardware reset. It should be noted that when idle is terminated by a hard ware reset, the device normally resumes program execution,from where it left off, up to two machine cycles before the internal reset algorithm takes control. Onchip hardware inhibits access to internal RAM in this event, but access to the port pins is not inhibited. To eliminate the possibility of an unexpected write to a port pin when Idle is terminated by reset, the instruction following the one that invokes Idle should not be one that writes to a port pin or to external memory.Figure 1. Oscillator ConnectionsFigure 2. External Clock Drive ConfigurationPowerdown ModeIn the powerdown mode, the oscillator is stopped, and the instruction that invokes powerdown is the last instruction executed. The onchip RAM and Special Function Registers retain their values until the powerdown mode is terminated. The only exit from powerdown is a hardware reset. Reset redefines the SFRs but does not change the onchip RAM. The reset should not be activated before VCC is restored to its normal operating level and must be held active long enough to allow the oscillator to restart and stabilize.Program Memory Lock BitsOn the chip are three lock bits which can be left unprogrammed (U) or can be programmed (P) to obtain the additional features listed in the table lock bit 1 is programmed, the logic level at the EA pin is sampled and latched during reset. If the device is powered up without a reset, the latch initializes to a random value, and holds that value until reset is activated. It is necessary that the latched value of EA be in agreement with the current logic level at that pin in order for the device to function properly.Programming the FlashThe AT89C51 is normally shipped with the onchip Flash memory array in the erased state (that is, contents = FFH) and ready to be programmed. The programming interface accepts either a highvoltage (12volt) or a lowvoltage (VCC) program enable signal. The lowvoltage programming mode provides a convenient way to program the AT89C51 inside the user’s system, while the highvoltage programming mode is patible with conventional thirdparty Flash or EPROM programmers. The AT89C51 is shipped with either the highvoltage or lowvoltage programming mode enabled.The AT89C51 code memory array is programmed bytebybyte in either programming mode. To program any nonblank byte in the onchip Flash Memory, the entire memory must be erased using the Chip Erase Mode.AT89C51主要性能參數(shù)：l 與MCS51產(chǎn)品指令系統(tǒng)完全兼容l 4K字節(jié)可重檫寫Flash閃速存儲(chǔ)器l 1000次檫寫周期l 全靜態(tài)操作：0HZ24MHZl 三級(jí)加密程序存儲(chǔ)器l 128*8字節(jié)內(nèi)部RAMl 32個(gè)可編程I/O口線l 2個(gè)16位定時(shí)/記數(shù)器l 6個(gè)中斷源l 可編程串行UART通道l 低功耗空閑和掉電模式功能特性概述：AT89C51提供以下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)功能：4K字節(jié)Flash閃速存儲(chǔ)器，128字節(jié)內(nèi)部RAM，32個(gè)I/O口線，兩個(gè)16位定時(shí)/記數(shù)器，一個(gè)5向量?jī)杉?jí)中斷結(jié)構(gòu)，一個(gè)全雙工串行通信口，片內(nèi)振蕩器及時(shí)鐘電路。GND：地作輸入口使用時(shí)，因?yàn)閮?nèi)部存在上拉電阻，某個(gè)引腳被外部信號(hào)拉低時(shí)會(huì)輸出一個(gè)電流（IIL）。P3口：P3口是一組帶有內(nèi)部上拉電阻的8 位雙向I／O 口。Flash存儲(chǔ)器編程時(shí)，該引腳加上+12V的編程允許電源Vpp，當(dāng)然這必須是該器件是使用12V編程電壓Vpp。外接石英晶體（或陶瓷諧振器）及電容CC2接在放大器的反饋回路中構(gòu)成并聯(lián)振蕩電路。10pF 陶瓷濾波器：C1，C2＝40pF177。在空閑工作模式狀態(tài)，CPU保持睡眠狀態(tài)而所有片內(nèi)的外設(shè)仍保持激活狀態(tài)，這種方式由軟件產(chǎn)生。Flash閃速存儲(chǔ)器的編程：AT89C51 單片機(jī)內(nèi)部有4k 字節(jié)的Flash PEROM，這個(gè)Flash 存儲(chǔ)陣列出廠時(shí)已處于擦除狀態(tài)（即所有存儲(chǔ)單元的內(nèi)容均為FFH），用戶隨時(shí)可對(duì)其進(jìn)行編程。QA9wkxFyeQ^!djsXuyUP2kNXpRWXmAamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuKNamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuKNamp。ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuKNamp。ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuKNamp。ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuKNamp。ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuKNamp。ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuKNamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuKNamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。qYpEh5pDx2zVkumamp。qYpEh5pDx2zVkumamp。qYpEh5pDx2zVkumamp。MuWFA5ux^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^Gjqv^$U*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuKNamp。MuWFA5ux^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^Gjqv^$U*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuKNamp。ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuKNamp。ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuKNamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。qYpEh5pDx2zVkumamp。MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9amp。MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。MuWFA5ux^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^Gjqv3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuKNamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuKNamp。qYpEh5pDx2zVkumamp。MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。ksv*3tnGK8!z89Amv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuKNamp。ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuKNamp。ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuKNamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。qYpEh5pDx2zVkumamp。gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTTamp。qYpEh5pDx2zVkumamp。qYpEh5pDx2zVkumamp。qYpEh5pDx2zVkumamp。MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。MuWFA5ux^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。MuWFA5ux^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^Gjqv^$U*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuKNamp。MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwc^vR9CpbK!zn%Mz849Gx^Gjqv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%amp。ksv*3tnGK8!z89Amv^$UE9wEwZQcUE%am