【正文】 tem is regarded as generally a pyramid shape the structure, divides into from the lower level handling of traffic to the operating control, the control check, the topmost story strategic planning. The most basic unit greatly processes the numerous and diverse transaction information and the state information framing by the task/role.It is usually insufficient for human recipients to receive only raw data or even summarized data. Data usually needs to be processed and presented in such a way that the result is directed toward the decision to be made. To do this, processing of data items is based on a decision model. For example, an investment decision relative to new capital expenditures might be processed in terms of a capital expenditure decision model. The first step in integration of information system applications is an overall information system plan. Even though application systems are implemented one at a time, their design can be guided by the overall plan, which determines how they fit in with other functions. In essence, the information system is designed as a planed federation of small systems. rather, it means that the parts fit into an overall design. The elements of the definition are highlighted below. Computerbased usermachine system附錄Ⅰ 英文資料翻譯英文原文： and a database. The fact that it is an integrated system does not mean that it is a single, monolithic structure。Management information system typically provides the basis for integration of organizational information processing. Individual applications within information systems are developed for and by diverse sets of users. If there are no integrating processes and mechanisms, the individual applications may be inconsistent and inpatible. Data item may be specified differently and may not be patible across applications that use the same data. There may be redundant development of separate applications when actually a single application could serve more than one need. A user wanting to perform analysis using data from two different applications may find the task very difficult and sometimes impossible. The information user is the information user, carries on the decisionmaking using the information。 一個管理信息系統(tǒng)的定義，通常被理解為：一種集成用戶機器系統(tǒng)，為組織提供信息支持運作、管理、決策職能。因為許多問題，用戶和計算機建立了一個聯(lián)合系統(tǒng)，其結(jié)果通過一套在計算機和用戶之間的相互作用得到。“計算機為主”意味著管理信息系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計者必須擁有計算機和對處理有用的知識。如果沒有集成的處理和機制，各自的應(yīng)用也許無法協(xié)調(diào)一致和相容。對數(shù)據(jù)庫的需要 這樣，數(shù)據(jù)項的處理建立于決策模型。下面是一些例子和可能被包含在一個管理信息系統(tǒng)中用來幫助分析和支持決策的模型的類型；一個全面的信息系統(tǒng)，決策者擁有一套有用的普通模型，可以應(yīng)用于許多分析和決定的情況，還有一套非常特殊的模型應(yīng)用于特別的決定。最基層由任務(wù)巨大處理繁雜的事務(wù)信息和狀態(tài)信息