【正文】 ds with the realization that most people are not as interested in your experiences abroad as you had hoped. They will politely listen to your stories for a while, but you may find that soon they are ready to move on to the next topic of conversation. ? Stage 3 You may experience feelings of frustration, anger, alienation, loneliness, disorientation, and helplessness and not understand exactly why. You might quickly bee irritated or critical of others and of home culture. Depression, feeling like a stranger at home, and the longing to go back abroad are also not unmon reactions. You may also feel less independent than you were while abroad. Stage 4 ? a gradual readjustment to life at home. Things will start to seem a little more normal again, and you will probably fall back into some old routines, but things won39。我問她最想北京的什么，她說：“芝麻燒餅。照理說，應(yīng)該是完全適應(yīng)期的佼佼者吧？是耶？非耶？很難說。這就是文化休克。 Katherine decided to take a taxi to her hotel. ? “Culture Shock”, first identified in 1958 by anthropologist Kalvero Oberg, refers to psychological stress that all human beings experience when they move to a pletely new cultural environment. 1. Culture Shock ◆ refers to the traumatic experience that an individual may encounter when entering a different culture. ◆ expresses the lack of direction, the feeling of not knowing what to do or how to do things in a new environment, and not knowing what is appropriate or inappropriate. ◆ the physical and emotional disfort one suffers when ing to live in another country or a place different from the place of origin ◆ troublesome feelings such as depression, loneliness, confusion, inadequacy(不充分，機(jī)能不全 ), hostility, frustration, and tension, caused by the loss of familiar cues from the home culture Definition of Culture Shock ? 在大量地接收到一種異文化的信息之后，特別是從事外交和外貿(mào)的工作人員、訪問學(xué)者、跨國(guó)公司的雇員等第一次進(jìn)入異國(guó)他鄉(xiāng)后，常常程度不同地產(chǎn)生一種心理反應(yīng)，即文化休克(cultural shock，或譯作文化震蕩 ). ? 文化人類學(xué)家奧伯格 (Kalvero Oberg)1960年首先提出文化休克這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)，把它界定為“由于失去了自己熟悉的社會(huì)交往信號(hào)或符號(hào)，對(duì)于對(duì)方的社會(huì)符號(hào)不熟悉，而在心理上產(chǎn)生的深度焦慮癥”。 great concern over minor pains and skin eruptions (出疹 )。雖然走的是美國(guó)的超市買回來的食物蔬菜，卻喜歡依照中式烹飪法，吃起來才覺得對(duì)口。 5. Reverse culture shock ? may occur upon returning to the home country if a person has adjusted exceptionally well to the host culture. ? return/reentry culture shock ? returnees ▼ There are usually two elements that characterize reentry: ? An idealized view of home ? The expectation of total familiarity (that nothing at home has changed while you have been away) ▼ A problem arises when reality doesn39。 ? ：通常的做法是先敘述在對(duì)象國(guó)發(fā)生的一件反映文化沖突的事件（一般都是真實(shí)發(fā)生的事情，而非杜撰），然后提供幾種不同的解釋，由被訓(xùn)練者選出他認(rèn)為合理的解釋，然后與正確的答案作比較并展開討論。 appreciation of cultural differences ? Understanding of own values and aware of values in other cultures ? Reaction to criticism ? Understanding of government system ? Ability to develop contacts in new culture ? Patience and resilience ? What follows are some suggestions for enhancing the international business experience by reducing clashes with the local culture. ? Be prepared: Be aware that it exists and that it will probably affect you in one way or another. ? Know yourself: Clarifying your own values and examining your own assumptions. Your responses to situations and people in the new culture will make more sense if you have a clear idea of what is important to you personally. ? Be philosophical: Understand that this is a learning process and that you will benefit from it. ? Be positive: Sometime with a change of perspective, frustrating circumstances can be humorous and endearing. Try not to be overly critical. ? Set goals and stay busy: Don