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ch fundation of traffic accidents easily. Thus, improving the owner39。近年來,我國居民擁有的私家車數(shù)量成幾何式速度增長,與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的交通擁堵和汽車停車位的缺少讓車主倒車成為難題。第二代影像顯示:數(shù)碼波段顯示這一代產(chǎn)品有兩種顯示方式,數(shù)碼顯示產(chǎn)品顯示距離數(shù)字,而波段顯示產(chǎn)品由三種顏色來區(qū)別:綠色代表安全距離。根據(jù)相關(guān)資料顯示,倒車?yán)走_(dá)在國內(nèi)發(fā)展前景很好,需求量越來越大。女性駕駛員增多。品牌眾多目前后裝市場上倒車?yán)走_(dá)的品牌多達(dá)幾十種,基本上國產(chǎn)品牌占90%,而進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品較少,以采用2~4探頭的產(chǎn)品居多。當(dāng)在探頭探測(cè)的一定范圍內(nèi)有障礙物時(shí),蜂鳴器提示報(bào)警。在超聲波測(cè)距系統(tǒng)中,超聲波的頻率至關(guān)重要。測(cè)距誤差s△t() ≈ 。 超聲波測(cè)距的實(shí)際應(yīng)用超聲波測(cè)距作為一種典型的非接觸型測(cè)量方法,在很多場合,諸如工業(yè)自動(dòng)控制、建筑工程測(cè)量和機(jī)器人視覺識(shí)別等方面得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。流體動(dòng)力性中包括有氣體與液體兩種類型的哨笛。超聲波傳感器的主要性能指標(biāo)包括:工作頻率。機(jī)電耦合系數(shù)大,靈敏度高。T—通用性。1—產(chǎn)品序列號(hào):3 (6)-6dB指向角:60度。 超聲波傳感器系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成及工作過程由超聲波發(fā)送傳感器、超聲波接收傳感器和電路控制等部分組成。3 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì)硬件部分主要由單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)電路、超聲波發(fā)射電路和超聲波檢測(cè)接收電路以及聲音和顯示報(bào)警電路組成。發(fā)送超聲波信號(hào):將放大后的調(diào)制信號(hào)加載于超聲波傳感器上。 超聲波發(fā)射電路壓電式超聲波換能器是利用壓電晶體的諧振來工作的。這種IC性能優(yōu)越,封裝形式及體積與許多遙控信號(hào)接收器IC相同或相似,故可用來代換多種型號(hào)的遙控信號(hào)接收集成電路。若容量小,則為峰值檢波,瞬間相應(yīng)靈敏度高,但檢波輸出的脈沖寬度變動(dòng)大,易造成誤動(dòng)作。超聲波探頭必須采用與發(fā)射探頭對(duì)應(yīng)的型號(hào),關(guān)鍵是頻率要一致,本設(shè)計(jì)采用與發(fā)射端同型號(hào)的壓電式超聲波傳感器,否則將因無法產(chǎn)生共振而影響接收效果,甚至無法接收。(3)寬頻帶濾波器:其頻率范圍為30kHz~60kHz,其中心頻率可調(diào)。(2)可在線ISP編程的8KB片內(nèi)Flash存儲(chǔ)器。(10)3級(jí)程序鎖定位。單片機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)測(cè)距原理:單片機(jī)發(fā)出超聲波測(cè)距是通過不斷檢測(cè)超聲波發(fā)射后遇到障礙物所反射的回波,從而測(cè)出發(fā)射和接收回波的時(shí)間差t,然后求出距離S=Ct/2,式中的C為超聲波波速。:顯示和聲音報(bào)警模塊數(shù)據(jù)處理模塊超聲波發(fā)射接收控制模塊單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)初始化程序 系統(tǒng)模塊框圖系統(tǒng)初始化模塊:即系統(tǒng)剛上電的時(shí)候?qū)ο到y(tǒng)的各個(gè)引腳的電平分配和對(duì)各寄存器的初值賦值。INT0中斷服務(wù)程序計(jì)算車尾距離障礙物的距離數(shù)據(jù),該數(shù)據(jù)一方面交由主程序顯示,另一方面與設(shè)定值(1m)進(jìn)行比較,如小于1m,接蜂鳴器報(bào)警,否則關(guān)閉報(bào)警。由于常溫下超聲波在空氣中的傳播數(shù)的約為340m/s,所以由公式()知發(fā)射點(diǎn)距離障礙物之間的距離為:S=340t/2=170t在啟動(dòng)發(fā)射電路的同時(shí)啟動(dòng)單片機(jī)內(nèi)部的定時(shí)器T0,利用定時(shí)器的計(jì)數(shù)功能記錄超聲波發(fā)射的時(shí)間和收到反射波的時(shí)間。再把定時(shí)器中的數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)過換算就可以得出超聲波傳感器與障礙物之間的距離。here:cpl nopnopnopdjnz 45h,hereret,單片機(jī)執(zhí)行上面的程序后,經(jīng)過三極管T放大,驅(qū)動(dòng)超聲波發(fā)射頭發(fā)出40kHz的脈沖超聲波,且持續(xù)發(fā)射200ms。中斷clr tr0lcall _COUNTmov r5,30hmov r4,31h……reti 單片機(jī)內(nèi)部數(shù)據(jù)處理程序 由于利用單片機(jī)匯編語言計(jì)算數(shù)據(jù)特別麻煩,這里采用匯編調(diào)用C語言程序的編程方法來處理數(shù)據(jù)。 time=time*256+TL0。 include 。 time=time*256+TL0 。 SOURCE LINE 16 MOV A,time MOV B,0AH DIV AB MOV R0,030H MOV R0,A。顯示及報(bào)警子程序框圖:顯示子程序:SEGDISC:PUSH ACC 。盡管所利用的原理都很簡單,但是各模塊的協(xié)調(diào)很重要,單片機(jī)強(qiáng)大的單芯片處理能力很適合這個(gè)工作。我明白,正是在他那溫潤寬厚的胸懷上,我成長了起來。TINT0擁有高優(yōu)先級(jí)SETB PX0LCALL FSMOV TH0,81MOV TL0,38LCALL _COUNTMOV R5,30HMOV R4,31HLCALL DISPLAYENDinclude 。s two plus pulse signal, the frequency equal to the intrinsic piezoelectric oscillation frequency chip, the chip will happen piezoelectric resonance, and promote the development of plate vibration resonance, ultrasound is generated. Conversely, if the two are not interelectrode voltage, when the board received ultrasonic resonance, it will be for vibration suppression of piezoelectric chip, the mechanical energy is converted to electrical signals, then it bees the ultrasonic receiver.2, the principle of ultrasonic distance measurementUltrasonic transmitter in a direction to launch ultrasound, in the moment to launch the beginning of time at the same time, the spread of ultrasound in the air, obstacles on his way to return immediately, the ultrasonic reflected wave received by the receiver immediately stop the clock. Ultrasound in the air as the propagation velocity of 340m / s, according to the timer records the time t, we can calculate the distance between the launch distance barrier (s), that is: s = 340t / 2. Ranging System for the Second Circuit DesignSystem is characterized by singlechip microputer to control the use of ultrasonic transmitter and ultrasonic receiver since the launch from time to time, singlechip selection of 8751, economictouse, and the chip has 4K of ROM, to facilitate programming., the ultrasonic ranging system software designSoftware is divided into two parts, the main program and interrupt service routine. Completion of the work of the main program is initialized, each sequence of ultrasonic transmitting and receiving control.Interrupt service routines from time to time to plete three of the rotation direction of ultrasonic launch, the main external interrupt service subroutine to read the value of pletion time, distance calculation, the results of the output and so on.D. CONCLUSIONSRequired measuring range of 30cm ~ 200cm objects inside the plane to do a number of measurements found that the maximum error is , and good reproducibility. Singlechip design can be seen on the ultrasonic ranging system has a hardware structure is simple, reliable, small features such as measurement error. Therefore, it can be used not only for mobile robot can be used in other detection systems.Thoughts: As for why the receiver do not have the transistor amplifier circuit, because the magnification well, CX20106 integrated amplifier, but also with automatic gain control level, magnification to 76dB, the center frequency is 38k to 40k, is exactly resonant ultrasonic sensors frequency.中文譯文C超聲波測(cè)距儀文件類型和數(shù)目:美國專利5442592摘要:提出了一種可以抵消溫度的影響和濕度的變化的新型超聲波測(cè)距儀,包括測(cè)量單元和參考資料。超聲波在空氣中的傳播速度為340m/s,根據(jù)計(jì)時(shí)器記錄的時(shí)間t,就可以計(jì)算出發(fā)射點(diǎn)距障礙物的距離(s),即:s=340t/2。思考:至于為什么接收不用晶體管做放大電路呢,因?yàn)榉糯蟊稊?shù)搞不好,CX20106集成放大電路,還帶自動(dòng)電平增益控制,放大倍數(shù)為76dB,中心頻率是38k到40k,剛好是超聲波傳感器的諧