【正文】 ) 2. Infrastructure (基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施 ) 3. Electronic Commerce (電子商務(wù) ) 4. Supply Chain System Components (供應(yīng)鏈系統(tǒng)部件 ) How are these Goals Achieved? (如何達(dá)到這些目標(biāo) ) 1. Standardization: ? The forces behind them: (標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化背后的推手 ) ? Market forces: cheaper to purchase and maintain (更便宜采購(gòu)與維護(hù) ) ? Interconnectivity(更方便連接 ) ? Reduced software costs(減少軟件成本 ) ? Economies of scale (規(guī)模效應(yīng) ) ? General standards (一般的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化 ) ? Wintel ? Inter: HTML, XML ? Web services Emerging Standards (正在形成的標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ) ?Supply Chain Operations Reference Model (SCOR) (供應(yīng)鏈參考模型 ) ?Collaborative Planning Forecasting And Replenishment (CPFR) (協(xié)同計(jì)劃、預(yù)測(cè)以及補(bǔ)貨 ) ?Rosetta(B2B的數(shù)據(jù)共享 ) ?ERPII How are these Goals Achieved? (Cont.) (如何達(dá)到這些目標(biāo) ) 2. Infrastructure: ?Many panies have implemented Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems which create an enterprisewide transaction backbone as well as tie in all the facilities into worldwide financial systems. (現(xiàn)有的 ERP系統(tǒng) ) ?IT infrastructure typically consists of the following ponents: (IT基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施主要包括 ) ? Interface/presentation devices (界面設(shè)備 ) ? Communications (通信設(shè)備 ) ? Databases (數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) ) ? System architecture (系統(tǒng)架構(gòu) ) How are these Goals Achieved? (cont.) (如何達(dá)到這些目標(biāo) ) 3. Electronic Commerce: ?EC refers to the ability to perform transactions electronically (電子商務(wù)是指商務(wù)活動(dòng)電子化 ) ?Examples of directsell to customers through the Inter: (互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的直銷 ) ? Dell Computer ? ? Table 1 Summary of Electronic Commerce levels (電子商務(wù)層次 ) Level n um ber Descr i ption Exam ple 1 One way m un ic at io n E m ai l, FTP, Br ow s i ng 2 Database acce s s Inqu i ries, Fo r m s, Purchase s, Track i ng 3 Data Exc ha ng e EDI, Cl earin gh ou se 4 Sh ari ng pr oces ses C P FR, Bu sines s co m m un it ie s Table 2 Comparison of ERP and DSS Implementation (ERP與 DSS實(shí) 施 ) I m pl e m e nt a t i on I s s ueER P D SSL e ng t h 18 48 m ont hs 6 12 m ont h sV a l ue O pe r a t i ona lS t r a t e g i c , t a c t i c a l ,ope r a t i on a lR O I 2 5 y e a r pa y ba c k O ne y e a r pa y ba c kU s e r s A l l a nd us e r s S m a l l g r oupTr a i ni ng S i m pl e C om pl e xTable 3 Priorities when Implementing DSS (DSS實(shí)施的優(yōu)先級(jí) ) I ndu s t r y D SSS of t dr i nk di s t r i bu t or N et w or k and T r ans p or t a t i onC om put e r m an uf a ct ur e r D em and a nd P r oduc t i onC ons um e r pr odu ct s D em and a nd D i s t r i but i onA ppar el D em and, C a pac i t y an d D i s t r i but i onTable 4 “Best of breed” versus ERP package (最好的部件組合與整合的 ERP) I m pl e m e nt a t i on I ss ue B e st of B r e e d S i ngl e v e ndorLe ngt h 2 4 y e a r s 12 24 m ont hsC o st H i ghe r Lo w e rF l e xi bi l i t y H i ghe r Lo w e rC om pl e xi t y H i ghe r Lo w e rQ u a l i t y of s o l ut i on H i ghe r Lo w e rF i t t o e n t e r p r i se H i ghe r Lo w e rS t a f f t r a i n i ng Lo nge r s ho r t e r55 。Decision Support Systems and IT (決策支持系統(tǒng)與 IT) Outline of Presentation(大綱 ) ?Supply Chain Capabilities(供應(yīng)鏈能力 ) ?Logistics Network Design(物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計(jì) ) ?Supply Chain Master Planning(供應(yīng)鏈主計(jì)劃 ) ?Demand Planning(需求計(jì)劃 ) ?Inventory Planning(庫(kù)存計(jì)劃 ) ?Information Technology(信息科技 ) Capabilities required for supply chain excellence (優(yōu)越供應(yīng)鏈的能力需求 ) ?Strategic work design(戰(zhàn)略網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計(jì) ) ?Supply chain master planning(供應(yīng)鏈主計(jì)劃 ) ?Operational planning(運(yùn)營(yíng)計(jì)劃 ) ?Operational execution(運(yùn)營(yíng)執(zhí)行 ) Capabilities required to achieve supply chain excellence (獲取供應(yīng)鏈優(yōu)越的能力 ) *Forrester “Balancing supply and demand” March 2022 N e t w o r k D e s i g nD e m a n dP l a n n i n gS u p p l y C h a i nM a s t e r P l a n n i n g I n v e n t o r y P l a n n i n g F u l f i l l m e n tD e c i s i o n f o c u s I n f r a s t r u c t u r eF o r e c a s t am