【正文】 ( not )to do…作目的狀語(yǔ)Eg: She reads China Daily every day to/ in order to/ so as to improve her English. 注：in order to 可以位于句首或句中，so as to 不能位于句首。=It is very important to master a foreign language.【總結(jié)歸納】不定式作主語(yǔ)，用It代替主語(yǔ)，而把不定式后置，常見(jiàn)句型：1． It is + adj. (important, possible, impossible, necessary, hard, difficult, easy, strange, natural,…) + (for sb.) to do sth.It is + adj. ( honest, brave, foolish, clever, careful, kind, wise, careless, good, nice, silly, stupid, impolite…) +(of sb.) to do sth.eg: It is quite necessary for us to learn English well. It was very brave of you to jump into the river to save the girl.In fact, it is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. It is kind of you to help me. = You are kind to help me .It was foolish of you to believe him. = Ii is foolish of you to have believed himright, wrong既可用于for sb. to do sth. 也可用于of sb. to do sth. eg. It’s right/wrong for / of him to do the work alone.2． It is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, one’s duty, a shame) + to do sth.eg. It’s my duty to teach you how to be a student of Middle School.3．It takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, days, patience…) + to do sth.eg: It requires patience to learn English well.4 . It made sb. + adj. (excited, frightened , angry ) + to do sth. eg: It made me delighted to have been invited to give you a speech here. II. 作表語(yǔ)：當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是aim, idea, policy, question, suggestion, wish, task, duty, job, purpose等或者主語(yǔ)是what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句時(shí)，后面可以用不定式做表語(yǔ)，用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所包含內(nèi)容。 （主語(yǔ)）To scold her would not be just. （賓語(yǔ)）We are planning to build a Disney park here. （賓補(bǔ)）They hurriedly ended the meeting, leaving many problems to be settled. （表語(yǔ)）Our most urgent task is to make a careful analysis of the present situation. 仔細(xì)分析當(dāng)前的形勢(shì)是我們最迫切的任務(wù)。但在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞believe, find, think, feel, consider, suppose, imagine, prove等后面常跟to be…作賓補(bǔ)，也可省略 to be.eg. They believe him (to be ) honest. I find her (to be ) humorous. You can’t imagine them (to be ) careful and interesting.2) 以下兩類(lèi)動(dòng)詞后跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)不能帶to ( 但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要加 to )①一些表示“致使”意義的動(dòng)詞， 即let, have, make；②一些表示“感覺(jué)”的動(dòng)詞，五看兩聽(tīng)一感覺(jué)(listen to, watch, observe, notice, look at , see, hear, listento, feel.)Eg: Don’t let the children trouble you. I heard someone open the door.Someone was heard to open the door. His father made him go to bed early. He was made to go to bed by his father.3) help 后to 帶不帶都可以。Eg: I’m sorryto hear that you are ill. I’m more than happy / glad / willing to take you there in my car. I’m glad to see you . I feel greatly honored ____ into their society. （2008北京卷） A. to wele B. weling C. to be weled D. weled 注意: ★only too 表“非?！?、“很” They are only too lucky to go abroad for a visit. ★ too happy / glad / pleased / eager / anxious / ready etc. = very happy / glad / pleased / eager / anxious / ready etc. She was too happy to meet her old friend in the street. She was too eager to see her daughter.Exx: Thanks for your trouble. Not at all. I’m ___ pleased to help you. A. too much B. too only C. so much D. only too ⑤ 伴隨狀語(yǔ)as if to do sth He moved his lips as if to say something. He raised his hand as if to greet me. He paused, as if to let the painful memory pass. VII. 作插入語(yǔ)(獨(dú)立成分)，用來(lái)說(shuō)明說(shuō)話(huà)人的態(tài)度、看法、對(duì)整個(gè)句子進(jìn)行解釋?zhuān)纾?to be frank（坦白地說(shuō)），to be sure（確實(shí), 誠(chéng)然，固然）, to tell you the truth（說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà)）, to be honest（老實(shí)說(shuō)）, to be exact (精確地說(shuō)), to begin with（首先） , to start with（首先）, to make a long story short(長(zhǎng)話(huà)短說(shuō)), to make matters worse（更糟的是）, to be brief (簡(jiǎn)言之), to say nothing of (姑且不說(shuō))，to conclude(總之) ，believe it or not（信不信由你） 等。 三、主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng) ⑴ 邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系 句中有動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者Do you have anything to say on this question With a lot of housework to do, I can’t go to the concert with you.I’ll go to town. Do you have anything to be taken to your son?（you 不是take 動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者）⑵ 部分形容詞+不定式，與主語(yǔ)是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系回頭現(xiàn)象 The book is difficult to understand. =It is difficult to understand.The chair is fortable to sit on.Exciting as its special effects are to watch, there is too much violence in the film.He is a pleasant person to work with. 此類(lèi)形容詞有easy, hard, cheap, expensive, dangerous, difficult, funny, fit, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, simple, strange, useful等。, love to , havet need to.② Hasn’t he finished writing the report? No, but he ought to have.動(dòng)名詞一、基本形式1. 一般式 By reviewing the old, you can learn something new.2. 被動(dòng)式 He narrowly escaped being drowned.3. 完成式 Mary regrets having been idle when young.4. 否定式 not doing 5. 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) Is there any chance of my going abroad?二、動(dòng)名詞的句法功能 名詞性質(zhì) 作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，也可以用作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)1. 作主語(yǔ) 1）Being exposed to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one39。, fun注意3：下列動(dòng)詞后跟不定式與跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)意義有區(qū)別 forget to do … 忘記要做某事 forget doing…意味著做了某事regret to do … 對(duì)要做的事表示后悔 regret Eg: In the following years he worked even harder. = In the years that followed, he worked even harder. The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor39?！癟hings lost never e again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself. (07湖南)2. 不及物動(dòng)詞的ved 分詞, 作定語(yǔ)表完成。ll be able to do it better. （表示條件） Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.（表示讓步） Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. （表示伴隨） When asked, he made no answer. ( 表示時(shí)間 ) Exx: (1) _______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose(2) Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, pletely ______ to the outside world. A. being lost B. losing C. having lost D. lost (3 ) ______ from endless homework on weekends, the students now find their own activities, such as taking together to watch the sunrise. A. Freed B. Freeing C. To free D. Having freed (4) ______ to train his daughter in English, he put an