【正文】 構(gòu)。隨后添加接收裝置地址、一個(gè)故障處理代碼和相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)。（2）異步數(shù)據(jù)：例如導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)，矢量表示。這樣主控控制單元就能識別出 MOST 總線內(nèi)裝有哪些控制單元，如果某個(gè)或多個(gè)控制單元的注冊失敗，則診斷時(shí)可能會得出相應(yīng)的故障結(jié)論。以前只有使用光纜才能達(dá)到該數(shù)據(jù)傳輸率。不得進(jìn)入所標(biāo)記的區(qū)域。FlexRay 總線系統(tǒng)是一種時(shí)間控制式總線系統(tǒng)，它也可以通過事件控制方式進(jìn)行部分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)傳輸。主動轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)和 VDM 不通過喚醒導(dǎo)線，而是通過總線信號喚醒，隨后通過接通供電直接由VDM 啟用四個(gè)減振器衛(wèi)星式控制單元，在“喚醒電壓曲線”中展示了車輛開鎖和起動時(shí)典型的電壓曲線。該過程結(jié)束時(shí)，其余控制單元相繼自動在 FlexRay 上注冊并計(jì)算出各自的差值，此外在運(yùn)行期間還會對同步化進(jìn)行計(jì)算校正，這樣可以確保最小的時(shí)間差，從而在較長時(shí)間內(nèi)不會導(dǎo)致傳輸錯(cuò)誤。DSC 控制時(shí)需要下列參數(shù)：偏航角速率 (垂直軸線上車輛旋轉(zhuǎn)參數(shù))，橫向加速度，車輪轉(zhuǎn)速 (行駛速度參數(shù))，轉(zhuǎn)向角，制動力。（5） 內(nèi)部制動壓力傳感器 DSC 單元中有一只制動壓力傳感器，該制動壓力傳感器通過制動踏板和制動助器探測產(chǎn)生的制動力。（3） 安全和網(wǎng)關(guān)模塊 SGM 是下列部件之間的網(wǎng)關(guān)：PTCAN，KCAN Byteflight ( BMW 安全總線系統(tǒng))，診斷導(dǎo)線。此外，還可以借助 CID 和控制器對輪胎失壓顯示(RPA) 進(jìn)行初始化設(shè)置。車速信號有兩種傳輸方式：一種是由每個(gè)車輪的ABS轉(zhuǎn)速傳感器直接傳送至DSC模塊，另一種是通過總線傳輸。優(yōu)點(diǎn)： 轉(zhuǎn)彎行駛時(shí)優(yōu)化部分制動性能的行車穩(wěn)定性，轉(zhuǎn)向時(shí)車輪負(fù)荷的位置變化 (即使在輕微制動時(shí)) 都可以導(dǎo)致行車穩(wěn)定性的降低，CBC 可以在需要時(shí)在輕微制動時(shí)在 ABS 控制范圍之外產(chǎn)生一種穩(wěn)定的反向力矩。DTC 可以通過制動干預(yù)模仿傳統(tǒng)的差速鎖止器功能。在緊急制動情況下，制動踏板通常不能被有力地踩下， 這樣就不能達(dá)到 ABS控制范圍。動態(tài)穩(wěn)定控制系統(tǒng) (DSC) 借助 DSC 傳感器監(jiān)控車輛的偏轉(zhuǎn)特性，當(dāng)因牽引車擺動而超過極限值時(shí)，降低發(fā)動機(jī)功率。（2）在潮濕路面上制動盤的干式制動，干式制動去除在潮濕路面上行車時(shí)或下雨時(shí)沉積到制動盤上的濕汽，在這種情況下制動摩擦片容易貼緊。當(dāng)不再踩制動踏板或低于某個(gè)速度閾值時(shí)，該過程結(jié)束。在操縱駐車制動器時(shí)，起動輔助退出工作，如果在松開制動踏板后約 2 秒鐘內(nèi)不存在起動期望，則起動輔助也同樣退出工作。在未來的 510 年里，X by Wire 技術(shù)將使傳統(tǒng)的汽車機(jī)械系統(tǒng)變成通過高速容錯(cuò)通信總線與高性能CPU相連的電氣系統(tǒng)。s Manual Coding, Individualization, Programming CIP BMW Group,2008[6] 孫仁云 付白雪. 汽車電器與電子技術(shù). 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, 2007[7] .人民交通出版社 2002[8] 李俊玲 羅永閣主編. 汽車工程專業(yè)英語機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, 2007[9] 陽憲慧 :清華大學(xué)出版社，[10] 黃曲菜,2004[11]LIN Specification Version [12] 陸孟雄，. 汽車科技,2002[13]ISO 11898:Road vehiclesInterchange of digital informationController area network(CAN) for highspeed munication.[14] : 科學(xué)出版社,1998[15] 黃偉生,. 汽車技術(shù),2004[16] 羅峰,蘇劍,. 汽車工程,2003[17] . 汽車工程,2006[18] MOST Cooperation. MOST Specification Version [19] [20] Specification Version [21] Thomas Fuhrer ,and Others .Time Triggered CAN(TTCAN).SAE Paper,2005參考文獻(xiàn)外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯Overview and innovations in the bus systems of the F01/F02This Product Information deals with the bus systems of the F01/F02. In addition to thefollowing overview of bus systems, you will find a further overview of the bus systems on the foldout page of this Product Information. The foldout page provides you with an immediate reference to the bus overview while working with the Product Information and the Workbook.Bus systemsThe following innovations have been implemented in the bus systems in the newBMW F01/F02: Power train CAN PTCAN 2 (500 kBit/s) KCAN 2FlexRay as a prehensive main bus system in the area of driving dynamics Systems Ethernet (fast programming access)LIN bus system with extended functions.Structure in vehicleWith deployment of the central gateway module, the F01/F02 has a newly linked busstructure. The engine management and chassis control systems are linked across thePTCAN (or PTCAN 2) and the FlexRay bus system to the central gateway module (ZGM).The control units of the general vehicle electrics are connected across the KCAN and KCAN .The MOST is the information carrier for the majority of control units in the area ofinformation and munication technologies. The vehicle diagnosis municates across the DCAN. The vehicle is programmed /encoded via the Ethernet access point. The subbus system LIN has other Ethernet FlexRay LIN. An exactdescription of these bus systems can be found in this Product Information.System ponents. Overall network of the F01/F02The overall network in the F01/F02 consists of various bus systems that enablemunication between the individual control units. In view of the increasing interconnection of the control units, it is possible to use the sensors of one system throughout the network. The sensors are connected to the control unit that initially requires the information logicbased and virtually in real time. This information, however, can also be made available to other control units. Using the example of the vertical dynamics management (VDM), initially, the VDM control unit picks up the rideheight levels of the wheels using heightlevel sensors. The automatic headlight vertical aim control can also use this information for the purpose of adapting the beam throw of the headlights. The VDM makes available the information via the corresponding bus systems (VDM FlexRay ZGM KCAN 2 FRM) to the footwell module. Apart from the Ethernet, all bus systems in the F01/F02 are already known from other BMW models. This section provides an overview of all bus systems of the F01/F02. This Product Information contains a detailed description of the Ethernet system, of the FlexRay bus and of the LIN bus subbus system.Overview of bus systemsIn principle, a distinction is made between two groups of bus systems: Main bus systems: Ethernet, FlexRay, KCAN, KCAN 2, MOST, PTCAN and PTCAN 2 Subbus systems: BSD, DCAN (diagnosison CAN), LIN, LocalCAN. Mainbus systems are responsible for the data exchange between the ECUs throughout the vehicle system. This includes system functions such as diagnosis, programming and encoding.Subbus systems exchange data within one function group. For example, the data of the rainlightsolar condensation sensor are read in by the junction box electronics, processed and forwarded to the wiper module. The connection between the control units of the rainlightsolarcondensation sensor and junction box electronics is a subbus and designed as a LIN bus.Main bus systemsMainbus system Data rate Bus topology DCAN (diagnosison CAN) 500 kBit/s Linear, twowireEthernet 100 MBit/s LinearFlexRay 10 Mbits/s Mixed topology, twowire KCAN (body CAN) 100 kBit/s Linear, twowire, singlewire mode possible for emergency operationKCAN 2 (fast body CAN) 500 kBit/s Linear, twowireMOST (MediaOriented System Transport bus) MBit/s Ring, optical fibrePTCAN (chassis CAN) 500 kBit/s Linear, twowirePTCAN 2 (powertrain CAN) 500 kBit/s Linear, twowireThe main bus systems are responsible for crosssystem data exchange.Changes