【正文】 絲釘23移動(dòng)螺絲釘至近夾具處移動(dòng)螺絲釘至近夾具處34轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)螺絲釘預(yù)定方向轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)螺絲釘預(yù)定方向45將螺絲釘裝在夾具上將螺絲釘裝在夾具上56握持螺絲釘踏住腳踏板67放開螺絲釘放開螺絲釘78伸手至平華司伸手至平華司89抓取一根平華司抓取一根平華司910移動(dòng)平華司至夾具處移動(dòng)平華司至近夾具處1011將平華司套進(jìn)螺絲釘將平華司套進(jìn)螺絲釘1112放開平華司放開平華司1213伸手至彈簧華司伸手至彈簧華司1314抓取一個(gè)彈簧華司抓取一個(gè)彈簧華司1415移動(dòng)彈簧華司至近夾具處移動(dòng)彈簧華司至近夾具處1516將彈簧華司套進(jìn)螺絲釘將彈簧華司套進(jìn)螺絲釘1617放開彈簧華司放開彈簧華司1718伸手至螺帽伸手至螺帽1819抓取一個(gè)螺帽抓取一個(gè)螺帽1920移動(dòng)螺帽至近夾具處移動(dòng)螺帽至近夾具處2021將螺帽套進(jìn)螺絲釘將螺帽套進(jìn)螺絲釘2122將螺帽轉(zhuǎn)進(jìn)螺絲釘將螺帽轉(zhuǎn)進(jìn)螺絲釘2223放開螺帽放開螺帽2324松開腳踏板讓成品掉入紙箱24※ 完成2個(gè)螺絲釘?shù)难b配，需要24個(gè)動(dòng)作的時(shí)間，平均完成1個(gè)螺絲釘?shù)难b配，需要12個(gè)動(dòng)作的時(shí)間，比原本的作業(yè)方式（19個(gè)動(dòng)作）減少7個(gè)動(dòng)作，亦即改善了約37%。7) 工作設(shè)備應(yīng)合乎工作者的身材。8) 使夾具動(dòng)作迅速。5. 等待是否可減免？1) 因不必要。4) 因采用較佳盛具。2) 使用身體有力部份，如用腳踏方法。08. 動(dòng)作應(yīng)輕松有節(jié)奏。16. 盡可能將多種工具合并(使用多功能工具) 。s1547626 A’s123576 I39。ECRS Approaches基本「發(fā)問」（Primary Questions）目的是什么 ?(What is the purpose ?)何地完成 ?(Where is it done ?)何時(shí)完成 ?(When is it done ?)由何人做 ?(Who does it ?)如何完成 ?(How is it done ?)進(jìn)一步「發(fā)問」（Secondary Questions）為何必須做 ?(Why is it necessary ?)為何在那里完成 ?(Why is it done there ?)為何在那時(shí)完成 ?(Why is it done then ?)為何由此人做 ?(Why does this person do it ?)為何要如此做 ?(Why is it done this way ?)可否刪除 ?(Can it be eliminated ?)可否合并 ?(Can it be bined ?)可否重排 ?(Can it be rearranged ?)可否簡化 ?(Can it be simplified ?)合并或重排下列項(xiàng)目：w 地點(diǎn)(Places)w 次序(Sequences)w 人員(Persons) 工業(yè)工程技術(shù)培訓(xùn)參考資料Story of the Bedaux SystemI. Story of the Bedaux SystemIn 1911, Mr. Charles E. Bedaux experimented with the idea of measuring all human physical work in terms of a mon unit.The unit known as the Bedaux Unit of human power measurement or “B” was to consists of a bination of work and rest.The proportions between these two items were dependent upon the physical nature of the work and the subsequent rest required to pensate for it. As tasks varied, the ratio of the work to rest within the unit was to vary, but the unit itself was to remain constant at a time value of on minute.II. The Bedaux System or “E” System(Unit System)The “Unit E” is the quantity of work an experienced, skilled worker can do per minute under normal conditions, taking into account the inherent allowance for rest, personal needs.III. The “M” System(Unit System)The Unit (M) is the amount of work that can be carried out in one minute by a trained worker, under normal circumstance, and at normal speed, including allowances for interruptions as rest and personal care.The Unit (M) does not represent time in the sense of a clock time, but it is rather a measure of “work quantity” or “l(fā)abor content”.IV. ExpressionWork Quantity or Labor Content = Work + Rest (Bedaux definition) or = Work + Total Allowance (Philips definition)Example: Labor Content 1M TAFtotal allowance factor: Labor Content Work (Normal Time) TAF1M (60 seconds) = seconds + seconds (14 %)1M (60 seconds) = seconds + seconds (18 %)1M (60 seconds) = seconds + seconds (20 %)VIII. Performance RatingPerformance rating is expressing numerically the speed and effectiveness with which an operation is done, in relation to what has been defined as normal performance.Tempo means the intensity of working.In Bedaux timestudy system: Speed of the movementsTempo Skill of the movements (. proficiency, useful effect, dexterity, efficiency).IX. Normal PerformanceNormal performance is the performance of an average skilled worker doing a job under normal conditions without being stimulated by an incentive scheme.It must be possible to keep this performance from day to day without excessive physical or mental strain.As a reference for normal performance can be taken, a steady deliberate and unhurried average performance of a person, who walks around Km(3 miles) per hour or deals 52 playingcards in 30 seconds.X. Remarks Unit (English) Einheit (German) Eenheid (Dutch) 單位 (Chinese) E system : for Performance or Tempo (60 E, 75 E, 80 E) M system : for Labor Content or Work Quantity (5 M’s, M’s)Effects of Working Conditions on determining AllowanceAllowanceValueConstant allowanceC1Personal allowance5 %C2Basic fatigue allowance4 % Variable allowanceV1Standing allowance1 %V2Abnormal position allowanceSlightly awkward0Awkward (Bending)2 %Very awkward (Lying, Stretching)7 %V3Use of force or muscular energy(Lifting, pulling, or pushing)Weight lifted:5 Pounds ( Kg)010 Pounds ( Kg)1 %15 Pounds ( Kg)2 %20 Pounds ( Kg)3 %25 Pounds ( Kg)4 %30 Pounds ( Kg)5 %35 Pounds ( Kg)7 %40 Pounds ( Kg)9 %45 Pounds ( Kg)11 %50 Pounds ( Kg)13 %60 Pounds ( Kg)17 %70 Pounds ( Kg)22 %V4Bad light Slightly below remended0Well below2 %Quite inadequate5 %V5Atmospheric conditions(Heat and Humidity)0~10 %V6Close attention Fairly fine work0Fine or exacting2 %Very fine or very exacting5 %V7Noise level Continuous0Intermittent – loud2 %Intermittent – very loud5 %High – pitched – loud5 %V8Mental strain Fairly plex process1 %Complex or wide span of attention4 %Very plex8 %V9Monotony Low0Median1 %High4 %V10Tediousness Rather tedious0Tedious2 %Very tedious5 %（Courtesy of International Labor Office, Geneva Switzerland）PHILIPS動(dòng)作分析表 頁次： /作業(yè)名稱：產(chǎn)品型號(hào)：作業(yè)區(qū)域：分析人：分析日期：LHRHLHRHLHRHLHRH5050505010101